Hypochondroplasia is a form of short
Achondroplasia ; Christianity ; Dwarfism ; Extremities ; Hand

Closed intramedullary nailing for trochanteric fractures of femur has many advantages such as minimal operative trauma, low incidence of infection, good stability of fracture, low incidence of delayed or nounion and early ambulation. Complications have been frequently experienced especially in elderly, osteoporotic patients, but these could be avoided by meticulous surgical procedure. The authors hsve treated 99 cases of intertrochanteric fracture and 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture from March 1982 to December 1987 with this method and the results are summerized as follows : 1. The aversge age was 61.4 yrs. 2. In classification of intertrochanteric fracture, stable fractures(Kyle type I & II) were 53 cases(43.3%) and unstable fractures(Kyle type III & IV) were 46 cases(37.6%). And in subtrochanteric fracture, stable transverse fractures were 12 cases(9.8%) and unstable long oblique or spiral fractures were 11 cases(9.0%). 3. Intraoperative complications were experienced in 23 cases(18.8%). The entry hole breakage was most common and occurred in 16 cases. 4. Of the 94 patients with more than 6 months follow-up, 21 patients(22.3%) showed more than one complication, e.g, knee joint pain in 15 cases, external rotation deformity in 8 and nail migration in 11 including 3 cases of fixation loss and one case of nonunion with nail breakage, etc. 5. Complications occurred more frequently in unstable fractures(31.8%) and in old ages (29.1%) than in stable fractures and in young ages respectively. And it was felt that complications could be minimized by packing of the medullary canal with nails. 6. It is thought that flexible intramedullary nailing is a good method for trochanteric fractures of femur not only in elderly debilitated patients but also in young patients. However, experience and caution are required to prevent complications.
Aged ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Knee Joint ; Methods

Fracture healing is the ongoing process but it is often delayed in elderly patients. Because the fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis are severely comminuted and their quality of bone is poor, the associated delay of fracture healing is likely to lead to surgical failure. Recently, as a way to promote healing fractures, intermittent systemic parathyroid hormone treatment has been actively researched. Although the effect of parathyroid hormone, which is demonstrated by animal experiments, is well known, there are not many clinical applications. The authors report 2 cases which had the time-shortened callus formation by intermittent parathyroid hormone (teriparatide) administration after surgical treatment, maximum preservation of periosteum as possible, in elderly patients who have supracondylar fracture on distal femur.
Aged ; Animal Experimentation ; Bony Callus ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Periosteum

Serial neurosonographic examinations are routinely performed at frequent intervals during nursery course of all preterm infants of very low-birth-weight who are admitted to the intensive care nursery of Presbyterian Medical Center from November 1, 1990 to July 30, 1992. After discharge, the following survivors who had received periodic, serial scanning by meas of cranial ultrasonography were longitudinally observed in an interdisciplinary neurodevelopmental follow-up program to a mean corrected age of 13 months. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed by means of Vojta's postural reaction and other neurological examinations. The results are as follows: 1) The incidence of PV-IVH in the study was 79%. 2) According to Papile's grading system of PV-IVH, gradel was 20%, gradell was 46%, gradelll was 19%, and grade IV was 13%. 3) The risk factors associated with PV-IVH were birth weight, gestational age, apgar score, ventilator care, RDS, and sepsis. 4) The mortality of PV-IVH was 20% for gradel, 19% for gradell, 44% for gradelll, and 67% for grade lV. 5) According to relationship between PV-IVH and neurodevelopmental outcome, in two of the four subjects with grade lll PV-IVH, moderate/severe CCD was developed. 6) According to relationship between PVE with cysts and nuerodevelopmental outcome, moderate/severe PVE with periventricular cysts larger than 3mm in diameter was associated with development of severe CCD.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Critical Care ; Mortality ; Neurologic Examination ; Nurseries ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Survivors ; Ultrasonography ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Mandibular Condyle

PURPOSE: This study quantitatively evaluated the apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using flow cytometry, and investigated the possibility of using this method, with a small amount of blood, and the time and dose dependence of radiation-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from the heparinized venous blood of 11 healthy volunteers, 8 men and 3 women, with each 10 ml of blood being divided into 15 samples. The blood lymphocytes were irradiated using a linear accelerator at a dose rate of 2.4 Gy/min, to deliver doses of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 Gy. The control samples, and irradiated cells, were maintained in culture medium for 24, 48 and 72 hours following the irradiation. The number of apoptotic cells after the in vitro X-irradiation was measured by flow cytometry after incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. We also observed the apoptotic cells using a DNA fragmentation assay and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The rate of spontaneous apoptosis increased in relation to the time interval following irradiation (1.761+/-0.161, 3.563+/-0.564, 11.098+/-2.849, at 24, 48, and 72 hours). The apoptotic cells also increased in the samples irradiated with 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 Gy, in a radiation dose and time interval after irradiation manner, with the apoptosis being too great at 72 hours after irradiation. The dose-response curves were characterized by an initial steep increase in the number of apoptotic cells for irradiation doses below 2 Gy, with a flattening of the curves as the dose approached towards 5 Gy. CONCLUSION: The flow cytometric assay technique yielded adequate data, and required less than 1 mL of blood. The time and dose dependence of the radiation-induced apoptosis, was also shown. It is suggested that the adequate time interval required for the evaluation of apoptosis would be 24 to 48 hours after blood sampling.
Apoptosis* ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heparin ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Particle Accelerators

We compared the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae between the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 era and post-PCV13 era among homogenous inhabitants of an isolated South Korean island. A total of 325 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated. In the pre-PCV13 era, 19A/F, 15A/F, 19B, and 23A serotypes were identified. In the post-PCV13 era, 15 serotypes were identified. The 19F and 23A serotypes showed the highest prevalence in the pre- and post-PCV13 era, respectively. After PCV13 introduction, the PCV 13 serotype coverage rate was decreased (80.0% and 30.5% in the pre- and post-PCV13 eras, respectively), while the proportion of non-PCV 13 serotypes increased.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flight training on vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) induced by rotational chair test in student-pilots. The study group was divided into followings; control, prepilot (student-pilots before flight training), and student-pilot (after training). Gain, phase and symmetry of eye movement induced by sinusoidal harmonic acceleration with frequencies of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32 Hz. Gain and phase did not show any significant differences between control and student-pilots before flight training in all frequencies. But there were significant gain differences between control and student-pilots after flight training in 0.01, 0.04, 0.08 frequencies. And phase showed significant differences between before and after flight training in student-pilots in 0.01, 0.04 Hz. These results suggest that the flight training would be attributable to modulate the vestibular function in the student-pilots.
Acceleration ; Eye Movements ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular*

Meningioma is a common brain tumor and the associated calcification is frequently found in imaging study. However, calcification of entire tumor bulk in meningioma is very rare finding. We present the clinical and radiological summery of our case which showed totally calcified meningioma and discuss the pathogenesis and clinical significance of such a tumoral calcification.
Brain Neoplasms ; Meningioma*

PURPOSE: The medial meniscus is injured much more than the lateral meniscus. Because the medial meniscus is much larger in diameter, is thinner in its periphery and narrower in body than the lateral meniscus, and does not attach to either cruciate ligament. We evaluated correlations with sites of tear and history of trauma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed retrospectively in 43 patients with meniscal tears on MRI(51 cases) and correlated them with history of trauma. RESULTS: The most common site of injury was the posterior horn of the medial meniscus(32/51), but high incidence of lateral meniscal tear compared with previous reports was seen. In the cases which had history of trauma, the posterior horn of medial meniscus was most commonly injured(26/34) and 5 meniscal tears were combined with meniscal tear in the other site. The tear in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was seen only in a patient which had history of trauma and combined with meniscal tear in the other site. But in the meniscal tears without definite history of trauma, the incidence of meniscal tear was different from the meniscal tear with history of trauma. The incidence of lateral meniscal tear(11/17) was highter than medial meniscal tear and the posterior horn of lateral meniscus was commonly injured. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the medial meniscus was commonly injured, especially posterior horn, but in the cases which had no definite history of trauma, the lateral meniscus was commonly ipjured. An awareness of prevalent site of meniscal injuries may be helpful in the diagnostic interpretation of MR imaging of knee.
Animals ; Horns ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Retrospective Studies