This study is aimed to observe the expressions of different genes, including the extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and transcription factors during different developmental stages of mouse submandibular gland. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the antisense inhibition in organ culture system were performed using mouse embryos and newborns. Total 140 mouse embryos (E14(80), E15(20), E16(20), E18(20)) and 30 newborn mice (D2(10), D3(10), D6(10)) obtained from 60 pregnant mice and 3 adult mice (3 weeks old) were used for the cDNA production and the salivary gland organ culture. Syndecan, perlecan, laminin alpha1 chain, TGF beta1, beta 3, and sonic hedgehog mRNAs were expressed in the early stage (E14~E16) of the submandibular gland development, whereas transglutaminase C (TGase C), E-cadherin, epimorphin, laminin beta2 and gamma1 chains, and HGF mRNAs were expressed in the middle and late stages (E16~E18, D2~D6). Antisense inhibition of different genes in the organ culture of E14 mouse embryos of submandibular gland showed specific growth retardation in the development of ductal and acinar cells. Especially, the antisense inhibition of perlecan, E-cadherin, laminin alpha1 chain, laminin beta2 chain, and syndecan mRNA arrested the growth of ductal and acinar cells. While the antisense inhibition of integrin beta5 greatly affected the acinar cell differentiation and also produced cystic dilatation of salivary ducts, the antisense inhibition of fibronectin showed aberrant growth of ectomesenchymal tissues of the mouse submandibular gland.
Acinar Cells ; Adult ; Animals ; Cadherins ; Dilatation ; DNA, Complementary ; Embryonic Structures ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Fibronectins ; Gene Expression* ; Hedgehogs ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Laminin ; Mice* ; Organ Culture Techniques* ; RNA, Messenger ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Glands ; Submandibular Gland* ; Syndecans ; Transcription Factors

Twenty-five neonates were observed for the relationship between phenobrbital loading dose, plasma concentrations and control of seizures. Nineteen neonates (76%) had seizures controlled by phenobarbital alone. Effective plasma concentration were 10.0~31.1microgram/ml. Although 14 neonates had seizures controlled by phenobarbital concentration below 20microgram/ml, neonate required level above 30microgram/ml. We found that continued benefit was obtained until phenobarbital plasma concentrations reached 40microgram/ml and there was no adverse effects on cardiorespiratory function. We recommend that plasma phenobarbital concentrations should equal or surpass 40microgram/ml before additional anticonvulsants are used for neonates with seizure.
Anticonvulsants ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Phenobarbital* ; Plasma ; Seizures*

Bronchiectasis means a permanent abnormal dilatation of one or more large bronchi owing to destruction of theelastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall. Radiological study is the most importat and mandatory procedure. Especially bronchography is essential for the definitive diagnosis of bronchiectasis and for theprecise delineation of the type and extent of the disease. The radiological and clinical findings of 48 cases ofbronchiectasis diagnosed by bronchography and treated at Chosun University Hospital during the 5 years fromJanuary 1980 to Dec. 1984 were analyzed retrospectively. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 48 cases, 34cases(70.8%) were male and 14 cases(29.2%) were female. Peak incidence was in second decade. 2. Chronic cough,productive sputum and hemoptysis are main symptoms and others are chest pain, dyspnea and recurrent bouts ofpneumonia. The most common physical sign is persistent moist rales over the involved area in 23 cases(47.9%).Others are no sign in 17 cases(35.4%), wheezing in 11 cases(22.9%) and digit clubbing in 3 cases(6.3%). 3. Thepresumed causes were composed of not known in 30 cases(62.5%) and complications of measles in 7 cases(14.6%),pertusis in 5 cases(10.4%) and pneumonia in 4 cases(8.3%). Two cases were Kartagener's syndrom and unilateralhyperlucent lung. 4. Plain chest roentgenographic findings were abnormal in 42 cases(87.5%) but normal in 6cases(12.5%). The most common radiological findings was accentuation of lung markings in 36 cases(85.7%) theothers are include in order of frequency; pneumonic infiltration, linear radiolucencies, cystic radiolucencies,decreased affected lung volume air-fluid level and pleural thickening. 5. Bilateral bronchiectasis was demonstrated in 11 cases(22.9%) and the disease was much more often involved left lung than right. The mostcommonly involved lobe is left lower lobe, and the most common site of involvement was the posterior basal segmentof the lower lobe. The type of bronchiectasis is cylindrical in 22 cases(45.8%), varicose in 11 cases(22.9%),saccular in 9 cases(18.8%) and mixed type in 6 cases(12.5%)
Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchography ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Measles ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Thorax

Dieulafoy's vascular malformation is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Most often it occurs in stomach within 6 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. Only a few cases have been reported to occur in the small intestine and colon. Occasionally, Dieulafoy's lesion of small intestine is difficult to recognize because of rarity, a paucity of symptoms and negative findings on barium studies. Therefore, this lesion needs to be considered in a patient with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of Dieulafoy's vascular malformation in ileum 2 m proximal to ileocecal value in a 41-year-old woman who visited emergency clinic because of hematemesis, dizziness and vomiting. Small intestine revealed a wide-caliber artery within the submucosa showing intimal thickening, medial muscular hypertrophy and thrombosis.
Adult ; Arteries ; Barium ; Colon ; Dizziness ; Emergencies ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Female ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ileum* ; Intestine, Small ; Stomach ; Thrombosis ; Vascular Malformations* ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral trochlear nerve palsy following cisternography. CASE SUMMARY: A 43-year-old male with intermittent watery rhinorrhea persisting for 3 months visited the neurosurgery department of our institute. His past medical history included removal of a pituitary adenoma 22 years prior to presentation. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was suspected and cisternography was performed. The patient was referred to our ophthalmology department for diplopia 3 days after the cisternography. An alternate prism cover test showed 5 prism diopter (PD) right hypertrophia in the primary position, and underaction of bilateral superior oblique muscles and overaction of the left inferior oblique muscle. A positive Bielschowsky test with the head tilted to either side was observed and excyclotorsion was 9degrees on the double Maddox rod test. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral trochlear nerve palsy. After 2 years of follow-up, diplopia persisted and recession of the bilateral inferior oblique muscles was performed. After the surgery, diplopia disappeared, the fundus photography showed no excyclotorsion, and the double Maddox rod test indicated 3degrees of excyclotorsion. CONCLUSIONS: Cisternography should be carefully performed due to the possibility of bilateral trochlear nerve palsy, an extremely rare but possible occurrence following the procedure.
Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diplopia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Neurosurgery ; Ophthalmology ; Photography ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Spinal Puncture ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases* ; Trochlear Nerve*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Plasma*

No abstract available.
Apgar Score* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell* ; Recurrence*

To evaluate the biohazard properties of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), we explored the physical properties of the ELF-EMF that generates the electric current induction in the secondary coil from the chamber of a primary solenoid coil. We subsequently explored the biological effects of a strong alternating electromagnetic field (EMF), ranging from 730-960 Gauss, on the mouse testis. Mice were exposed to an alternating EMF field induced by a rectangular electric current at 1, 7, 20, 40, and 80 Hertz, for 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. The mouse testes were examined for proliferative activity and apoptosis using the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) method and by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. We found that the electric current induction increased in the 6-8 Hertz range, and that exposure to an ELF-EMF induced the apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes. In situ TdT staining was found to be most prominent in 7 Hertz group, and gradually reduced in the 20, 40, and 80 Hertz groups. These data suggest that a strong EMF can induce reproductive cell death within a short time, and the harmful effects of the EMF are maximal at low frequency alternating EMFs.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Germ Cells ; Magnets ; Mice ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Spermatocytes ; Testis

OBJECTIVES: To study the distributions of pH and gas values in umbilical arterial(UA) blood of normal newborns following uncomplicated pregnancies and vaginal births. Methods: In 457 consecutive normal term infants who were born between March 1995 and June 1998, we examined the UA pH and blood gas values obtained immediately following delivery. Maternal inclusion criteria were defined as an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy and a normal full term spontaneous vaginal delivery. And also neonatal inclusion criteria were defined as a normal intrauterine growth appropriate for gestational age without any malformations and Apgar score of 7 or more at both one and five minutes after birth. Umbilical artery blood samples were collected at each birth and were evaluated for pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), oxygen pressure (PaO2) and actual bicarbonate. RESULTS: Histogram of UA pH value resemble normal distribution curve. The lowest UA pH was 7.04 and the 10th percentile value was 7.23. The median UA pH was 7.31 and 5% was below 7.20. The lowest UA PaO2 was 4.6mmHg and the 10th percentile value was 11.5mmHg. The highest UA PaCO2 was 67.2mmHg and the 90th percentile value was 56.5mmHg. The lowest bicarbonate value was 13.2mmol/L and the 10th percentile value was 18.4mmol/L. CONCLUSION: The distributions of the UA pH and gas values of the collective of normal newborns were illustrated. None of the UA pH was below 7.0.
Apgar Score ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Carbon Dioxide ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Arteries*