No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal*

PURPOSE: To determine the concentration at which a mixed injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and C3F8 gas is toxic, we studied the histopathological changes in the rabbit retina. METHODS: Only tPA was injected into the right vitreous cavities of 18 normal pigmented rabbits at doses of 25 micro gram/0.1mL, 50 micro gram/0.1mL, and 100 micro gram/0.1mL, 6 rabbits per dosage. In the same rabbits, tPA and C3F8 (0.2cc) were simultaneously injected into the left vitreous cavities at doses of 25 micro gram/0.1mL, 50 micro gram/0.1mL, and 100 micro gram/0.1mL. All of the eyes were examined by slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy at 5, 10, and 15 days after the injection, and then they were enucleated for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Retinal pigmentary alterations were centered around the injection site 3 days postoperatively in the eyes receiving doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater. On light microscopy(LM), the involved areas showed vacuolization in the photoreceptor elements and the inner nuclear layer(INL) at a dose of 25 micro gram/0.1mL at postoperative 5 days and the vacuolar changes disappeared at postoperative 15 days. But at doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater, loss, contracture, and vacuolization of the photoreceptor outer segment (POS) and vacuolization of INL were noted at postoperative 15 days. On LM, at a dose of 25 micro gram/0.1mL, the involved areas showed vacuolization in POS and mitochondrial swelling of the photoreceptor inner segment (PIS) at postoperative 5 days. The mitochondrial swelling of PIS disappeared at postoperative 15 days. However, at doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater, loss and contracture of POS and mitochondrial swelling of PIS were noted at postoperative 15 days. The retinal damage from simultaneous injection of tPA and C3F8 at doses of 25, and 50 micro gram/0.1mL was equal to or less than that of only tPA injection, whereas at a doses of 100 micro gram/0.1mL the damage was greater. CONCLUSIONS: At doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater, irreVersible retinal toxicity was noted histopathologically in rabbit eyes. At doses of 25, and 50 micro gram/0.1mL, the degree of retianl damage did not seem to be affected by whether C3F8 was injected concomitantly or not.
Contracture ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator*

No abstract available.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency* ; Humans

Following results were obtained from the light microscopic and stereomicroscopic observations of the breasts of rats treated with 9, 10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene(DMBA). 1) Adenocarcinomas developed in 17 rats (24%) among 70 DMBA-treated rats. 2) Terminal and buds (TEB) were observed longer in DMBA-treated rats than in control group, but they finally disppeared 4 monthes after treatment. 3) Many hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) developed in DMBA-treated rats. 4) There were no transitional lesions between TEB and adenocarcinoma or HAN and adenocarcinoma. 5) The number of lobules was decreased in DMBA-treated rats. On the other hand, terminal ducts were increased in number. These findings suggest that DMBA stimulate the regression of lobules and induce to form terminal ducts from which adenocarcinomas and HAN develop independently.
Rats ; Animals ; Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) infections in children at a secondary hospital during recent 5 years. METHODS: We collected the cerebrospinal fluid, stool and throat swab samples from the pediatric patients with suspected EV infections in KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from July 2006 to September 2010. EV detection and genotype identification were performed by RT-PCR at Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: A total of 386 samples were collected from 277 patients during study period. Ninety-eight patients (35.4%) were diagnosed with EV infections. The RT-PCR positive rate was the highest in throat swab samples (48.3%). The median age of patient was 4.7 years (range, 0.1-12.5 years). Aseptic meningitis (50, 51.0%) was the most common clinical manifestation; herpangina (22, 22.4%) and hand-foot-mouth disease (18, 18.4%). One hundred EVs were isolated from 98 patients and 20 genotypes of EV were identified; Echovirus 30 (28 cases, 28%), Enterovirus 71 (12 cases, 12%), Echovirus 25 (10 cases, 10%), Echovirus 9 (9 cases, 9%) and Coxsackievirus A6 (8 cases, 8%). Aseptic meningitis caused by Echovirus 30 was the most common manifestation in 2008. There was no complicated case caused by Enterovirus 71. CONCLUSION: This study showed the epidemiology of confirmed EV infection in children from 2006 to 2010. There is a need for continuous surveillance of EV infections and its clinical manifestations.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Echovirus 9 ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Genotype ; Herpangina ; Humans ; Korea ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Pharynx

No abstract available.
Athletes* ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Metabolism* ; Phosphorus*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the 3-year mean periods aftermath of child sexual abuse and to compare the sexual violence victims regard to the treatment. METHODS: 682 sexual violence victims were recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, a nation-funded sexual violence victim protection center for children age 13, from 2004 to 2008. Data from 49 victims among 116 consented a follow-up, were analyzed. The victims were assessed by psychological test. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 15.0 (SPSS Inc.). RESULTS: The average time elapsed from the last presumed sexual abuse was 39.7 months [standard deviation (SD) 26.02]. Overall, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was significantly decreased from 15.8 (SD 9.33) to 10.4 (SD 9.98), and several subscales (depression, anxiety, anger, posttraumatic stress, and dissociation) of Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were also significantly decreased. CDI and TSCC scores showed no statistical difference between treatment-given and not-given groups, but Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was decreased in treatment-given group, whereas it was increased in treatment-not-given group. The difference of RCMAS scores between the two groups was statistically significant [F(1,28)=4.54, p < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Sexually abused children showed overall symptom decreases over time, but anxiety was not decreased in treatment not-given group.
Anger ; Anxiety ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual* ; Child* ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Helianthus ; Humans ; Korea* ; Manifest Anxiety Scale ; Psychological Tests ; Seoul ; Sex Offenses*

Congenital macrostomia is a result of defective union between the mandibular and maxillary processes and it is a rare deformity seen in every 100 to 300 facial clefts. Ohnizuka1`classified macrostomia into two groups as congenital and posttraumatic. We experienced two cases of acquired macrostomia due to NOMA sequelae(58/F:Lt & 51/F:Rt) and one case of congenital macrostomia (3 months/M:Rt). Many plastic surgeons have developed surgical procedures for repair of this congenital macrostomia. Among them, McCarthy6,11 described the classic commissuroplasty. We could repaired 1 case of congenital macrostomia and two cases of acquired macrostomia due to NOMA sequelae using modified technique of McCarthy,s classic commissuroplasty. McCarthy described new oral commissure 2-3mm laterally for prevention of postoperative contraction, orbicularis oris muscle transposition to restore labial function and a z- plasty cutaneous closure. But some author raise an objection to new oral commissure 2-3mm laterally, and they made new oral commissure at same distance of opposite side normal commissure. And so, we designed the new oral commissure moved 1mm laterally comparing to original commissuroplasty in a congenital case for the prevention of displacement. In cases of acquired macrostomia due to NOMA sequelae, we reconstructed new oral commissure like congenital case, moved 1mm laterally. Orbicularis oris muscle transposition could not be possible because of destruction of muscle, adhesion and atrophy. And so we dissected muscle and just sutured side by side. Acquired macrostomia following NOMA sequelae manifsted facial deformity variably, and reconstruction of the facial deformity is difficult by using simple approach. Other variable reconstructive procedures were needed with commissuroplasty as like Washio flap, rotation advancement flap, bone graft and free radial forarm flap, etc. Postoperative results were relatively good. We propose that macrostomia due to NOMA sequelae must add to Ohnizuka classification of acquired macrostomia.
Atrophy ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Macrostomia* ; Noma ; Transplants

When soft tissue circular or elliptical pathologic lesions are located around the nasolabial fold, the most appropriate method is to make the excision parallel with the scar or along a natural wrinkle-crease. For this purpose, simple elliptical excision following primary closure is recommended. But when its long axis of elliptical defects is located vertically to the nasolabial fold, these will bring a bad aesthetic result after elliptical excision following primary closure due to long vertical straight scar to nasolabial fold. If soft tissue defect is larger, we should depend on the wide dissection for the closure of elliptical excised area. As a result, it is inevitable to make postoperative deformity due to tension around the eyelids, oral commissures, canthal fold, and alar nose. V-Y-S plasty was introduced by Algamaso in 1974 for closure of a round defect. It adopted some aspects of the double rotation flaps(or S-plasty) and some of the V-Y advancements. The authors applied from March 1998 to December 2000 to use single rotation flaps(or half-S plasty) and V-Y advancement for closure of a round defect, around nasolabial folds in 12 patients, named it half V-Y-S plasty, by modifying of Argamaso's V-Y-S plasty. We could obtain sufficient coverage of round defects and placement postoperative scar on the nasolabial fold and alar crease area using single V-Y-S plasty. Even in case of hypertrophic scars, we could obtain the same result and symmetric postoperative supralabium contour. The average soft tissue defect diameter was 1.9 cm (biggest one: 3.2 cm), and advanced gain of V-S advancement was 1.34 cm. As a result, we could obtain the final result more aesthetic and functional than that of straight line closure or other type of local flap. We described the experience of half V-Y-S plasty with a review of literature.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Nasolabial Fold* ; Nose

The rigid metal fixation devices are currently the most widely used in maxillofacial surgery. The use of metal plate and screw fixation, however, is not free of some postoperative complication. Once the fractures have healed, metal devices no longer serve any tissue purpose other than the potential for adverse reaction, including loosening, palpability, corrosion, and artifacts in CT and MRI, and they restrict growth of the neurocranium. To overcome these drawbacks, there had been a continuous research on the development of a bioabsorbable skeletal fixation system using polymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid. There is an increasing acceptance of there use as an alternative fixation device in craniomaxillofacial surgery. We have used the BiosorbFX(R) system(Bionix Implants Ltd) in 48 patients of facial bone fractures. Age varied from 3 to 70(mean 34) and follow up period varied form 1 months to 10 months(mean 5 months). A total of 860 bioabsorbable devices(151 plates and 709 screws) was used. We encountered no significant intraoperative difficulties in obtaining placement of the devices. No patients has experienced any implant-related complications including infection, fracture instability or relapse, or radiographic evidence of osteolysis. The use of nonmetallic materials as a fixation devices that will be resorbed after facial bone fracture healing, therefore, would have advantages. The good results indicate that the use of bioabsorbable implants can be considered for the fixation of facial bone fractures.
Absorbable Implants ; Artifacts ; Corrosion ; Facial Bones* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation* ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteolysis ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Polymers ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Surgery, Oral