No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Proportional Hazards Models* ; Survival Analysis*

BACKGROUND: There has been a lot of changes in prehospital medical environment with development of EMSS(emergency medical service systems). Especially in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the patients could survive when they are moved to the hospitals earlier. The purpose of this research is to know the status of EMSS in Korea by analyzing CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 3 hospital in the western area of Seoul and Incheon. METHODS: From July 1997 to June 1998, we collected data about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims at Ewha Womens University Mokdong Hospital, Catholic University Medical College St. Mary Hospital, and Kachon University Chung Ang Gil Hospital. We used same record form based on the 'Utstein Style'. RESULTS: CPR were performed in 265 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 3 hospitals. One hundred twelve(42.3%) patients recovered the spontaneous circulation at least once and eight(3.0%) patients discharged alive. One hundred ninety four(73.2%) patients died of medical causes, one hundred two(38.5%) cardiogenic and ninety two(34.7%) non-cardiogenic, and seventy(26.4%) patients died of traumatic causes. Initial EKG showed VT/VF(ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation) in thirty one(11.7%) patients, asystole in one hundred fifty one(57.0%) patients and other rhythms in eighty three(31.3%) patients. Among one hundred two cardiogenic cardiac arrest patients, two(2.0%) patients was discharged alive. CONCLUSION: Overall survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac angst patients was 3% which was poorer than that of the western country. The proportion of the cardiogenic cause was 3% which was only hart of the western country. VT/VF is relatively not common as a initial EKG rhythm. These differences might be due to difference in the prevalence pattern of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as prematurity of the EMSS.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Incheon ; Korea ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

This study aims at analyzing the articulator of human body and its composition using the Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI, 0.5 Telsa). The MRI images were photographed for 1cm per every cm of human body using TR 600ms and TE 20ms spin-echo sequence. For this test, 6 healthy male subjects were sampled. The subject's heights and weights were measured before photographing and then their entire bodies were photographed in the MRI whole body scanner which has a 56cm diameter. It took 90~120 minutes to scan every subject's body during scanning the subjects were allowed to put their both hand beside their femurs. According to his height, each subject were photographed for 180~200 MR slices and every image was analyzed on the tracing paper via X-ray reading View Box. Then, the traced images were all volumized through computer scanner and CAD program, and thereupon, each volume was multiplied by its density coefficient. The results of study can be summarized as follows ; The mass of the bones occupied 8.41±0.62kg, which accounted for 11% of the body mass. The femurs accounted for 19.73±2.73% of the bone mass in terms of bodily articulation. The muscle occupied 39.70±5.28kg which accounted for 51.28±8.98% of the body mass. The part which has the richest muscle mass was femur which accounted for 33.93±5.58% of entire muscle mass. The fat accounted for 24.61±11.6% of the body mass, among which the back waist including inside intestinal fat occupied 30.66±3.64%. It was suggested through this study that MRI analysis is the most suitable method to evaluate the composition of human body and that the data acquired through MRI analysis may apply as references to other indirect or estimated evaluation of human body.
Body Composition* ; Dental Articulators ; Femur ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methods ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Urography(IVU) is considered the best first investigation in patient with suspected urinary calculi, but recently ultrasonography(USG), combined with a plain film of the abdomen, has been suggested as an alternative. METHODS: We undertaken study to see if this approch can be used in emergency patients and outpatients by radiologists with different amounts of ultrasound experence. Some 192 patients with suspected urinary colic presenting to Koo Hospital Emergency Department and Youngnam Universith Hospital outward Department(IM, URO, FM) over 12-month period were studied. They had a plain abdominal film(KUB) and USG examination of the kidney, ureter, bladder following hydration and subsequently underwent IVU. Of these, 22 patients passed a stone before their IVU. The data analysis was performed on the remaining 170 patients. Urography was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: Some 170 patients subsequently underwent IVU at a mean interval of 1.8 days after the ultrasound examination. In 91 of 170 patients the IVU was positive. In 97 of 170 patients the combination of JUB plus USG was positive, leaving three false negative KUB plus USG. Thus the sensitivity of KUB plus USG was 97%, specificity was 89%, positive predictive value was 91%, and negative predictive value was 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this study suggest that in the hydrated patient the combination of KUB plus US is a very sensitive and relative specific screening test. Because of the high negative predictive value of KUB plus US, urography is not likely to be helpful when KUB plus US are negative. Urography is indicated only if KUB plus US findings are equivocal or if intervention is necessa.ry.
Abdomen ; Colic ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mass Screening ; Outpatients ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics as Topic ; Ultrasonography* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urography*

The Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy is one of the most common means of reconstructive surgery after a total gastrectomy. While these Roux operations work well in the majority of patients, approximately 30% of individuals undergoing them develop the so-called Roux stasis syndrome, consisting of chronic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and postprandial bloating. The Roux stasis syndrome is thought to result from the jejunal transsection performed during the construction of a conventional Roux limb. The aim of this study was to review a new type of uncut Roux procedure, in which staple lines and loop ligation maintain myoneural continuity and prevent the Roux stasis syndrome between the proximal jejunum and the Roux limb. At the same time, a jejunojejunostomy provides distal diversion of pancreaticobiliary secretions. The postoperative courses of 23 cases of the uncut Roux procedure with staples after a total gastrectomy were compared with those of 18 cases of afferent proximal loop ligation with hand-sewn sutures, the procedures having been performed between May 1995 and January 1997. Passage of contrast media through the ligated afferent jejunal loop was identified in 34.8% of cases and occluded staple lines was identified in 38.9% of cases. It was found that the uncut Roux procedure prevents the Roux stasis syndrome and that the current technique has a high incidence of dehiscence of the staple lines and the loop ligation with subsequent reflux esophagitis. Because of the results reported here, other techniques, which maintain enteric myoneural continuity to an uncut Roux limb while providing complete and permanent diversion of the alkaline secretions distally from the esophagus, need to be developed before this type of anatomic reconstruction can be recommended.
Abdominal Pain ; Contrast Media ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Esophagus ; Extremities ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jejunum ; Ligation ; Nausea ; Sutures ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Vasodilation*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chick Embryo* ; Nicotine*

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Obesity is influenced by multiple factors, both genetic and environmental factors. We investigated the relationship between socioeconomic, behavioral, dietary, reproductive factors and body mass index(BMI). METHODS: The subject were 3000 adults who had visited the Health Screening and Diagnosis Center of Yeungnam University School of Medicine from February to June, 1997. We evaluated BMI and occupation, exercise, smoking, alcohol intake, total calory intake, fat and carbohydrate intake in both gender and reproductive factors in women. Then, we analyzed the association between BMI and such variables as above. RESULTS: 1629 men and 1371 women were analyzed. The mean BMI was 23.4+/- 2.8kg/M(2) in men, 22.9+/- 3.1kg/M(2) in women. In both gender, 9.7% of our population had BMl over 27. Mean BMI increased with age. Those who were active and light smokers( 20cigarette/day) had the lowest BMI in men. But no relationship was observed between BMI and exercise, smoking in women. Heavy alcohol drinkers(> 1cup/day) had higher BMI than other group in both gender. We found significant correlation between BMI and total calory intake, calory intake to recommended calory ratio in both gender. In women, the group whose number of parity was above 3 had significantly higher BMI than the other. And age at first birth was significantly correlated with BMI in a negative direction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that BMI was associated with age, smoking, alcohol, total calory intake, calory intake to recommended calory ratio, parity, age at first birth. Socioeconomic class, exercise and diet composition appeared to have little influence.
Adult* ; Birth Order ; Body Mass Index* ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Occupations ; Overweight ; Parity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*