The fact that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has lowered intracranial pressure and protected brain in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well known throughout past sources and experimental data. In this paper, the result of TH in TBI needs to be confirmed. The result of North American Brain Injury Study; Hypothermia (NAVIS-H) 1 and 2, Eurotherm3235, Japan trauma society study was reviewed throughout randomized controlled study which performed recently. The prognosis was not confirmed throughout TH in NAVIS-H1; however, there was statistical significance among the group of 45 years or less and below 35 degree in celcius which checked when he or she visited initially. Hence, NAVIS-H2 study was preceded. In patient who had surgically removed hematoma, the effects of TH were proved compared to diffuse brain damage in NAVIS-H2 study. This was found in the result of Japan neurotrauma data bank. Eurotherm study has been doing, which leads to collect many data later on. The TBI of TH makes them better prognosis in patients who had surgically removed hematoma and lowered initial body temperature. Later on, it is considered further study is necessary.
Body Temperature ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Japan ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Prospective Payment System*

No abstract available.
Financial Management* ; Malpractice*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Common Cold*

No abstract available.

1. The author found that the periosteal callus was formed on lateral side of the fracture in two cases of three posteromedially displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus associated with fracture of distal end of ipsilateral forearm which were considered as the torsion fracture. 2. The above result was peculiar out come of the torsion fracture. 3. The characteristic radiologic findings of the torsion fracture are. 1) The fracture line of the proximal fragment is transverse and irregular(bursting). 2) Multiple longitudinal splitting and waving on entire fracture line of distal fragment. 4. Twenty eight cases of 236 cases of extension varus fracture supracondylar fracture of humerus were identified with torsion fracture. 5. The torsion fracture was combined with hyperextension fracture in 3 cases, extension-adduction fracture in 6 cases, shearing fracture by direct blow on anterior aspect of flexed elbow in 12 cases, and shearing fracture by backward thrust of forearm in 4 cases.
Bony Callus ; Child ; Elbow ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus

1. The author found that the characteristic radiologic finding of the flexion-valgus type of supracondylar fracture of humerus in children is Y shape bifurcation of the distal end of proximal fragment on lateral view. 2. Thirteen cases were identified as the flexion-valgus type from among the 224 cases of supracondylar fracture. 3. Thirteen cases of flexion valgus type were classified into five types. 1) Dome shape fracture, along the upper border of the olecranon fossa-5 cases. 2) Transverse fracture, proximal to the olecranon fossa-2 cases. 3) Oblique fracture, through the posterior wall of supraconlylar-2 cases. 4) Oblique fracture, through the distal end of lateral column-3 cases. 5) Oblique frarture with partial injury of epiphyseal line of lateral condyle-1 case.
Child ; Humans ; Humerus ; Olecranon Process

1. Fifteen cases of anteromedial supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children were treated during a 15-year-period since 1975. 2. The anteromedial fracture were classified into flexion-varus and adduction-antilt type and subdivided into angulation and shear fracture. 3. The characteristic roentgenographic manifestations of the anteromedial fracture are: 1) Flexion varus fracture:Segmental fracture of the wall of the olecranon and coronoid fossa with fracture of the anterior and posterior cortex of metaphysis on lateral view. 2) Adduction-antilt fracture:The longitudinally split fracture of the anterior and posterior cortex of the metaphysis and tension fracture on the posterior fragment with medial impaction of the distal fragment. 4. Adduction-antilt fracture should be treated by manipulative reduction and fixation in plaster in abduction of the elbow. The full extension is necessary to fix the elbow which can afford to abduct the forearm securely to definite direction. 5. Anteromedially displaced fracture can be fixed by two percutaneous K wire pinning. On the lateral side, the pin is directed upward and medially at an angle of 45 degrees to the fracture line and intramedullary vertical to the coronal plane of the humerus. On the medial side the pin is directed upward along the axis of the medial column and inserted into medullary canal (vertical pin). On the lateral projection, the pin is introduced through the distal fragment and the anterior distal end of the proximal fragment, contact point between fragments to penetrate the opposite cortex. The pin is securely fixed at the two point-opposite cortex and anterior distal end of the proximal fragment.
Child ; Elbow ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus ; Olecranon Process

BACKGROUND: Our study was to determine the effect on shoulder isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance in isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear and combined other rotator cuff tear. METHODS: Total of 81 male patients (mean age 57.8 +/- 7.4 years) who were diagnosed as a full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear were included. They were classified into isolated or combined tear. The isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance were measured using the Biodex multi-joint system PRO(R) (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA) in following movements: shoulder abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, external rotation, and internal rotation. Then, the difference in muscle function according to the type of tears were assessed. Fifty-seven patients had isolated supraspinatus tendon (mean age 56.9 +/- 7.3 years). They were classified into either anteroposterior tear or modified mediolateral tear. The size were measured using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in sagittal plane. RESULTS: Between subjects categorized into the type of tear, we found significant inter-categorical differences in isokinetic muscle strength during abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and internal rotation, and in muscle endurance during flexion, extension, and internal rotation. Anteroposterior diameter tear, we did not show significant differences in either isokinetic muscle strength or muscle endurance during any movements. However, with modified mediolateral diameter, we found significant differences with isokinetic muscle strength during adduction, and in muscle endurance the external rotation and internal rotation. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a supraspinatus tendon tear associated with more numbers of rotator cuff tears has lower isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance than a tear found alone.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscle Strength* ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Tendons