No abstract available.
Automatic Data Processing*

BACKGROUND: The shelf life should be determined by health care facility's infection control program. The current standards for preserving the sterility can be changing. So, to measure and compare the recontamination time of sterile packs among wrappers and storage conditions, and develop a practical standard for the shelf life and storage conditions of sterile products. The purpose of this study was placed on measurement of the recontamination time in packs wrapped in all kinds of wrapping materials used in Il-San hospital and extra-costs. METHODS: The first phase study was from June to November 2002 and tile second phase study was planned to extend further the shelf life of the pouch bag from December 2002 to June 2003. Total 504 sterile sample packs containing cotton ball (5 cm-length) prepared and wrapped in four wrapping materials (randomized reprocessed two folds of lines, a fold of new craft paper, a fold of new nonwoven fabric, a fold of new pouch bag) and stored in three location (open shell of one of typical wards, open shelf of one of ICUs, open shelf of CSSD). Each type of packs were opened weekly and the cotton balls inoculated into thioglycollate broth at 35degrees C for seven days by infection control nurse. The temperature and relative humidity was monitored monthly. RESULTS: There was on growth found for any types of the pack and storage conditions studied. The temperature and relative humidity of storage locations were 24.8degrees C and 35.5 %. The extra-cost of reprocessing in Ethylene-Oxide gas sterilization was \32,800,000 and Steam sterilization was \36,900,000 by year. CONCLUSION: This study was conducted in attempt to identify the possibility of extending the current shelf life for sterile goods we use in a sense of cost effectiveness. It was possible to extend shelf life from four weeks to six months in the study hospital. We are going to continue this study and take all steps need to apply this new concept to our practice, and then trying to extend to other hospitals.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humidity ; Infection Control ; Infertility ; Steam ; Sterilization

No abstract available.
Phenobarbital*

No abstract available.
Blepharoptosis*

No abstract available.
Fingers*

The concentrations of serum proteins fractions and their electrophoretical patterns were investigated in 135 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis who participated in confirmative examination for pneumoconiosis in December 1989. Their radiographical profusions were classified as 1/0 or more. Agarose film and phosphoric acid-sodium hydroxide buffer(pH 8.6) were used for electrophoresis. Concentration of each protein fractions and electrophoretical patterns seemed to be equivalent to reference values. Serum alpah1- and beta-globulin concentrations, however, were significantly different(p<0.50) among categories of small opacity profusions and showed the lowest level in the group of category 1. Albumin concentrations decreased and alpha2-globulin concentrations increased significantly(p<0.05) in the group of complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. gamma-globulin concentrations were not varied by category of profusions nor by pulmonary tuberculosis complication.
Beta-Globulins ; Blood Proteins ; Coal* ; Electrophoresis ; gamma-Globulins ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Reference Values ; Sepharose ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the ego-resilience and social support on the depression among hospital nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 369 nurses in a hospital. We used the self-reported questionnaire to assess the level of ego-resilience, social support and depression of hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean scores of ego-resilience, social support and depression were 42.6, 28.3 and 14.1, respectively. When scores of ego-resilience and social support were high, the level of mild and major depression of subjects decreased. The influencing factors of depression level were the department of work, ego-resilience and social support. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that developing programs to improve ego-resilience and social support might be useful. Further study is required to justify the scale on ego-resilience and social support.
Depression ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Authors reviewed mammographic ultrasonographic and MRI findings a patient with breast cysticerocosis, which was operated and pathologically proved. Mammography showed a 1 cm sized round radioopaque lesion with curvilinear calification, which was located near the pectoralis major muscle. Ultrasonograiphic findings showed heterogenous hypoechoic cystic lesion with internal hyperechoic nodule and posterior acoustic shadowing. T2Wl and proton density MR image showed low signal intensity with cresentic high signal intensity portion. 2D-FLASH dynamic MRI showed intermediate signal intensity and peripheral signal void area, which was not enhanced with Gd-DPTA. The possibility of cysticercosis can be considered be considered when a cytic lesion is discovered near the pectoralis muscle in a patient living in an endemic area.
Acoustics ; Breast* ; Cysticercosis* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Pectoralis Muscles ; Protons ; Shadowing (Histology)

No abstract available.
Humans ; Ulsan*

BACKGROUND: The fire victims are affected not only by bum and trauma but also carbon monoxide(CO) and hypoxia. It may be useful to triage mass casualties of fire field that preestimate the victim's injury sevrrities by experiments of measuring the concentration of CO and oxygen according to time progression. METHOD: We prepared one house of apartment as like usual residental environment. The mesuring of concentrations of CO and oxygen was started from firing. RESULT: 3.8 Min. after firing: CO concentration(0.007%) was reached to the level that can give rise to spontaneous headache. 5 Min.: The concentration of CO was incerased. At this level(0.012%), the victims of fire may be suffered severe headache inspite of mild movement. 5.5 Min.: At this time,0.02% of CO concentration that the victims can't escape by themselves was checked. 6 Min.; 0.08% was measured, almost patients may be unconscious and the symptoms will be more severe at this CO concentration because of hypoxia.6.4 Min.: It was absolutly impossible to be survival at this time due to incresing of CO concentration(0.195%) and decreasing of O2 concentration(5%). CONCLUSION: It is within 5.5 Min. that the patient can escape by themselves, and impossible to be survival more than 6.5 Min. in fire field. Rescuers and EMTs must consider time factor as well as sysmtoms of patients.
Anoxia ; Carbon* ; Fires* ; Headache ; Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Oxygen ; Time Factors ; Triage ; United Nations