No abstract available.
Fingers*

No abstract available.
Phenobarbital*

No abstract available.
Automatic Data Processing*

BACKGROUND: The shelf life should be determined by health care facility's infection control program. The current standards for preserving the sterility can be changing. So, to measure and compare the recontamination time of sterile packs among wrappers and storage conditions, and develop a practical standard for the shelf life and storage conditions of sterile products. The purpose of this study was placed on measurement of the recontamination time in packs wrapped in all kinds of wrapping materials used in Il-San hospital and extra-costs. METHODS: The first phase study was from June to November 2002 and tile second phase study was planned to extend further the shelf life of the pouch bag from December 2002 to June 2003. Total 504 sterile sample packs containing cotton ball (5 cm-length) prepared and wrapped in four wrapping materials (randomized reprocessed two folds of lines, a fold of new craft paper, a fold of new nonwoven fabric, a fold of new pouch bag) and stored in three location (open shell of one of typical wards, open shelf of one of ICUs, open shelf of CSSD). Each type of packs were opened weekly and the cotton balls inoculated into thioglycollate broth at 35degrees C for seven days by infection control nurse. The temperature and relative humidity was monitored monthly. RESULTS: There was on growth found for any types of the pack and storage conditions studied. The temperature and relative humidity of storage locations were 24.8degrees C and 35.5 %. The extra-cost of reprocessing in Ethylene-Oxide gas sterilization was \32,800,000 and Steam sterilization was \36,900,000 by year. CONCLUSION: This study was conducted in attempt to identify the possibility of extending the current shelf life for sterile goods we use in a sense of cost effectiveness. It was possible to extend shelf life from four weeks to six months in the study hospital. We are going to continue this study and take all steps need to apply this new concept to our practice, and then trying to extend to other hospitals.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humidity ; Infection Control ; Infertility ; Steam ; Sterilization

No abstract available.
Blepharoptosis*

The concentrations of serum proteins fractions and their electrophoretical patterns were investigated in 135 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis who participated in confirmative examination for pneumoconiosis in December 1989. Their radiographical profusions were classified as 1/0 or more. Agarose film and phosphoric acid-sodium hydroxide buffer(pH 8.6) were used for electrophoresis. Concentration of each protein fractions and electrophoretical patterns seemed to be equivalent to reference values. Serum alpah1- and beta-globulin concentrations, however, were significantly different(p<0.50) among categories of small opacity profusions and showed the lowest level in the group of category 1. Albumin concentrations decreased and alpha2-globulin concentrations increased significantly(p<0.05) in the group of complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. gamma-globulin concentrations were not varied by category of profusions nor by pulmonary tuberculosis complication.
Beta-Globulins ; Blood Proteins ; Coal* ; Electrophoresis ; gamma-Globulins ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Reference Values ; Sepharose ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND: Assessing and securing airway is the beginning of the treatment for emergency patients. Rapid Sequence Intubation is a technique that uses sedatives and neuromuscular blockers to perform endotracheal intubation. This is a basic technique that all emergency physicians must master. Therefore, we investigated the recent circumstance of Rapid Sequence Intubation in patients at the emergency department. METHODS: Ten-item surveys were mailed to the board certified emergency physicians in the emergency department of 45 hospitals. Among the 45 surveys, 37 surveys were returned. The rate of reply was 82.2%. RESULTS: Throughout the hospital, 35/37 of the endotracheal intubation was performed in the emergency department. Anesthesiologists were not called for endotracheal intubation in 34/37 emergency department, and anesthesiologists were not called for the use of neuromuscular blockers in 36/37 emergency departments. 35 emergency departments used sedatives. The sedatives used were as follows : midazolam(48.6%), diazepam(25.7%), thiopental sodium(22.9%), and ketamine(2.9%). 30 emergency departments used neuromuscular blockers. The neuromuscular blockers used were as fallows : succinylcholine(46.7%), vecuronium(43.3%), and pancuronium(10.0%). The rate of Rapid Sequence Intubation was 33.8%. Various monitoring devices were used during Rapid Sequence Intubation ; cardiac monitors 90.5%, pulse oximeters 80.4%, noninvasive blood pressure monitors 64.9% and ETCO2/ 12.8%. Only 6 of 37 hospitals had the assessment program far endotracheal intubations and 60% was the assessment rate in these hospitals, however, there was no proctocol for the quality assurance assessment. CONCLUSION: Emergency endotracheal intubation was performed independently by the physician of the emergency department. The Rapid Sequence Intubation was effective and had low adverse effect. We recommended that Rapid Sequence Intubation should be used more aggressively in patients. Also, applying these assessment proctocol in patients, we could improve the quality of assurance assessment.
Blood Pressure Monitors ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Postal Service ; Thiopental

BACKGROUND: Maritime medicine refers to the medical care and education of medical disease which may develop during a cruise. Recently, cruise passengers are increasing around the world and maritime medicine has been initiated in Korea with beginning of the trip to Mt. Kumgang in 1998. Nowadays, there are about 4,000 passengers per week. Therefore, the data were analyzed to promote the understanding of maritime medicine, which was first applied on the Mt. Kumgang cruise, and to help the medical members who will be participation in the maritime medicine in the future. METHODS: From November 1998 to February 1999, all patients who visited to medical cabin of the cruise ship(Hyundai Pongnae) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: 2,162 patients excluding 182 patients who re-admitted were analyzed. In each cruise, there were 65.5(9.0%) passengers and 42(13.0%) crews. The male to female ratio was 1.6 : 1, with 709 males and 451 females. The common problems were respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases followed by dematologic and gastrointestinal problems in order of frequency. There were 18 patients who had trauma above 4 points in ISS. Ten patients were confined to the medical cabin. The ship returned to Donghae-port one time, 8 patients were evaluated immediately and 41 patients were referred without urgency. CONCLUSION: Maritime medicine has a particular characteristic of dealing with various cases and treatments including emergencies with limited space, man-power, facilities and equipment. It obviously proposes the participation emergency medical doctors in the maritime medicine because medical personnel must take part in not only medical management but also in education and prevention including CPR. The medical staff in charge of maritime medicine should establish a proper plan depending on the purpose of the cruise and must endeavor to solve the problem.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Education ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Staff ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Ships

We performed a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 23 cases of surgically resected large cell undifferentiated carcinoma(LCUC) of the lung. The relative incidence of LCUC was 7.6% among the total resected cases of primary lung cancer over 7 years(1987-1993). The mean age of the patients was 56 years and 21 cases were male. The mean size of the mass was 5 cm and 11 cases were located peripherally. According to the histologic features, LCUC could be divided into three groups: squamous cell carcinoma-like(6 cases), adenocarcinoma-like(13 cases), and small cell carcinoma-like(4 cases) groups. The histologic differences were related to the variations of the immunohistochemical properties, but there were no differences in prognosis among these groups. Immunoreactivity to cytokeratin(CAM 5.2) was demonstrated in 22/23(96%). Carcinoembryonic antigen was positive in 13/23(57%). Neuron specific enolase and chromogranin were positive in 11/23(48%) and 5/23(22%), respectively. Vimentin was seen in 11/23(48%). From these observations, we could subclassify them by their immunologic phenotypes; exocrine features in 6/23(26%), neuroendocrine(NE) features in 4/23(17%), both exocrine and NE phenotypes in 7/23(30%), and 6 cases(26%) showed neither phenotype. The group with NE features showed a worse prognosis(P<0.05) and immunoreactivity for vimentin was also related to a worse prognosis(P<0.05). These findings imply that the immunohistochemical properties of LCUC are closely related to the histopathologic features. The groups, subdivided by histology and immunoreactivity, showed no prognostic difference except for the NE differentiation and reaction for vimentin.
Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Electrocardiography*