OBJECTIVES: To examine emotional and psychological characteristics associated with suicide attempts in depressed patients. METHODS: A sample of 37 inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder or depressive disorder NOS was divided into two groups : lifetime suicide attempters(N=15 ; 40.54%), non-attempters(N=22 ; 59.46%). Beck Depression Scale(BDI), Beck Anxiety Scale(BAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HARS), and MMPI-2 were used to evaluate symptoms severity and psychological characteristics. RESULTS: Suicide attempters scored higher on the BDI though there were no group differences on the HDRS and on the both anxiety scales. Also they showed higher scores on the F, Fb, Pa, RC1, DEP, HEA, PK, AAS among MMPI-2 subscales. Our findings suggest that suicide attempters among depressed patients undergo more severe subjective distress and difficulties in adjustment than non-attempters. Also they were more hostile to others and showed lower trust. Lastly, they showed more somatic complaints and substance related problems. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that suicide attempters among depressed patients have distinct emotional and psychological characteristics. MMPI-2 would be helpful to assess suicidal risk of depressed patients.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Pyrrolidines ; Suicide ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the CT features and pathogenesis of the electric brain injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 3 patients injured by high-voltage electricity. We evaluated the findings early and delayed periods in each patients. RESULTS: The early CT findings were diffuse brain edema, scalp swelling, and focal hemorrhagic contusion. The findings of delayed period were cerebral infarction, pneumocephalus, brain abscess, and pneumatocele. CONCLUSION: CT was useful to correlate the pathogenesis and variable features of electric brain injuries.
Brain Abscess ; Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Contusions ; Electric Injuries* ; Electricity ; Humans ; Pneumocephalus ; Scalp ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Skull*

OBJECTIVE: The tripartite model categorizes symptoms of depression and anxiety into three groups: 1) non-specific general distress that is shared between depression and anxiety, 2) depression-specific symptoms that include low positive affect and loss of interest, and 3) anxiety-specific symptoms that include somatic arousal. The Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ) was developed to measure these three factors of depression and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MASQ (K-MASQ) in adolescents. METHODS: Community-dwelling adolescents (n=933) were randomly assigned to two groups. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted in each group to identify the factor structure of the K-MASQ. The reliability and validity of the K-MASQ were also evaluated. RESULTS: Our results support the three-factor structure of the K-MASQ in adolescents. However, we found that the specific items of each factor differed from those of the original MASQ. That is, the depression-specific factor was only related to low positive affect and not loss of interest, and the anxiety-specific factor included more items related to general somatic symptoms of anxiety. The reliability and validity of the K-MASQ were found to be satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The K-MASQ supports the tripartite model of depression and anxiety and has satisfactory reliability and validity among Korean adolescents. The K-MASQ can be used to distinguish unique symptoms of depression and anxiety in Korean adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Arousal ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Reproducibility of Results

No Abstract Available.
Epinephrine* ; Lidocaine*

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Aseptic*

Of the anxiety disorders which may be identified in a clinical setting, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has often been overlooked for several reasons : 1) its unremarkable place in the diagnostic hierarchy, 2) relationship to excessive anxiety and worry, and 3) comorbidity with other mental disorders which may take clinical precedence. However, clinicians should be attentive to the clinical signs leading to a diagnosis of GAD. This paper reviewed the availability of reliable assessment tools to help clinicians diagnose and assess GAD. First, diagnostic interview tools targeting GAD were introduced. Then, the tools for assessing worry (intensity/frequency/topic), factors associated with its maintenance (cognitive avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty), and tools for assessing generalized anxiety (severity/aspects), comorbid condition and differential diagnosis were reviewed. Lastly, cultural and developmental aspects related to GAD were addressed. The considerations included in this report were summarized in a flow chart and table that are practically useful in the diagnoses and assessment of GAD. Thus, this review provided guidelines for clinicians in the Korean psychiatric setting to enable appropriate diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of GAD.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hypogonadism ; Mental Disorders ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between aberrant p53 expression and the presence of human papillomavirus DNA in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed 30 paraffin-embedded transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, including 10 cases of grade I, 10 cases of grade II, and 10 cases of grade III, for the presence of DNA-HPV and abnormal accumulation of p53. We used immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein and in situ hybridization for HPV DNA, respectively. RESULTS: Overall positive rate of HPV DNA type 16 and type 18 was 60.0% and 53.3%, respectively. Nuclear accumulation of p53 was found in 13 cases (43.3%) of all transitional cell carcinomas. In HPV DNA type 16 positive cases, the p53 was positive in 8 cases and negative in 10 cases. In HPV DNA type 16 negative cases, the p53 was positive in 5 cases and negative in 7 cases. In HPV DNA type 18 positive cases, the p53 was positive in 7 cases and negative in 9 cases. In HPV DNA type 16 negative cases, the p53 was positive in 6 cases and negative in 8 cases. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that HPV infection and p53 gene accumulation may contribute to the significant role in the carcinogenesis of the utinary bladder. In additon, HPV infection and p53 accumulation may be related to tumor progression and higher grade.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; DNA ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is uncommon benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis, although their radiological appearance is relatively distinct and well-defined. Recently, we experienced 2 cases of sclerosing hemangiomas of the lungs in 61 and 39 years old women. The light microscopic findings of the tissues are similar to the features reported by Liebow and Hubbell(1956). The basic cellular response is thought to be type II pneumonocytes because of findings of multilamellar-like bodies within stromal cells with electron microscopy in case I in addition to other characteristics generally found in epithelial cells.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

Recently, several studies have shown that the H2-receptor blockers can cause inhibition of cholinesstrase and neuromuscular blockade which suggest involvement of ion-chennel block in relatively large experimental dose. We investigated the effect of three H2-receptor blockers cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine on antagonism of vecuronium neuromuscular blockade. Forty ASA class 1 or 2 adult patients were studied. All patients were premedicated with hydroxyzine 1.5mg/kg and glycopyrrolat 0.2mg IM, 1hour before induction. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 5~6 mg/kg, succinylcholine 1mg/kg and was maintained with 02-N20(50%)-enflurane. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was maintained below 5% of control twitch height on TOF stimulation by combined bolus IV(0.08mg/kg) and contino=uous infusion(0.08mg/kg/hour) of vecuronium. Patients were divided into four groups according to use of H2-receptor blocker just after stop of vecuronium infusion as follows: Control group (n=10): no use of H2-receptor blocker, Cimetidine group (n=10): cimetidine 200mg IV, Rantitidine group (n=10): rantidine 50 mg IV, Famotidine group (n=10): famotidine 50 mg IV. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine(0.04mg/kg) was performed at 10% recovery of first twitch height (T1) in all cases. The recovery of T1 and T4 ratio after reversal was measured at 1min, interval for 20 min. The results were as follows: 1) The recovery of twitch height after administration of neostigmine was prolonged in all three H2-receptor blocker groups as compared to control group, but statistical significance was noted only in Famotidine group (p<0.05). 2) The changes of heart rate and mean arterial pressure after administration of neostigmine were similar in all groups.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Cimetidine ; Famotidine ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neostigmine ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Ranitidine ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide*