No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Learning Disorders* ; Learning*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Ileus* ; Lymph Nodes*

The real time high resolution mechanical neurosonographic sector scanner is a convenient and useful instrumentfor detection of intracranial lesions in premature infants as well as low birth weight. From this experience,authors report with 104 neonates and infants who had been suspected intracranial hemorrhage and had been detectedand graded by sonography. The results were as followed: 1. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage is 20 of 46(43.5%) neonates who had been studied before 3 days of age. But 7 of 16(43.7%) neonates showed ICH between the 4-7days of age. 2. There was no difference of prevalence in sex ratio in neonates with ICH. 3. There was closerelationship between ICH and gestational weeks. 15 of 27 (55.6%) neonates who were born under 32 gestational weeksshowed ICH was graded as 3 or 4 in 7 of 10. 4. 10 of 16(62.5%) neonate who were born under 1,500 gram body weighthad ICH within first 4 days. The severity of ICH was graded as 3 or 4 in 7 of 10. 5. The mode of deliveryinfluenced neonatal ICH incase of difficulty delivery such as forcep(4/4, 100%), vacuum (7/10, 70%), breech (3/3,100%), and C/S(13/33, 39.4%). 6. Incidence of ICH in neonates with pathologica lung conditions (29/40, 72.5%) washigher than ICH with normal chest findins(15/64, 23.4%). 7. For frequent follow up study of brain, neurosonographywas very helpul and economic in case of ICH, and could find congenital glioblastoma multiformed(1), and low gradeastrocytoma(1) incidentally.
Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Thorax ; Vacuum

PURPOSE: Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is a hereditary multi-systemic disease resulting from mutations of AT gene and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, cancer, immune system defects, and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. AT gene has a homologue sequence of PI3-kinase. The activity and cellular function of PI3-kinase in AT gene remains unclear. This study was undertaken to evaluate the function of AT gene through the effect on cell survival and differentiation by the inhibition of AT gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NH2-terminal portion of AT gene was isolated from MCF-7 cells by RT-PCR. The isolated DNA fragment was ligated in reverse orientation in pcDNA3. This antisense ATM expression vector was transfected to PC-12 cells by calcium phosphate method, and the transformed cells were selected using G418 and immunohisto- chemistry. To analyze the cell survival and differentiation, cells were cultured in serum free medium supplemented with/without NGF. We performed the immunoprecipitation for the p53 induction of cells after ionizing radiation, and the FACS for the apoptosis of cells after the exposure of wortmanin. RESULTS: PC-12 cells which down-regulated AT gene (like ATM, AT mutated) showed decreased survival and ceased differentiation with NGF. Also, PC-12 (ATM) cells showed increased apoptosis with wortmanin and reduced or delayed p53 induction after ionizingradiation. CONCLUSION: Results obtained from these studies suggest that AT gene regulates survival and differentiation of PC-12 cells through PI3-kinase activity. It seems that apoptosis is induced by the inhibition of AT gene expression.
Apoptosis ; Ataxia Telangiectasia ; Calcium ; Cell Survival ; Chemistry ; DNA ; Gene Expression ; Hypersensitivity ; Immune System ; Immunoprecipitation ; MCF-7 Cells ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Phenotype* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Radiation, Ionizing

A 26-year-old Korean man had an erythematous scaly plaque on his right thigh for fifteen years. He was diagnosed with chronic eczema and treated with topical steroid, but no clinical improvement was obtained for 15 years. Laboratory studies including complete blood cell count, urinalysis, liver and renal function test, and peripheral blood smear were normal. A biopsy specimen showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and mononuclear cellular infiltration in the epidermis. These cells had a perinuclear halo and showed a Pautrier's microabscess like configuration. In the dermis, there was a band like infiltration of inflammatory cells. Infiltrates of the epidermis were negative for leukocyte common antigen(CD45) and positive for Pan T cell(CD45RO). He was treated with topical PUVA twice a week for twelve weeks. Clinical and pathological improvements were obtained. We propose PUVA may be a useful therapeutic modality to treat Woringer Kolopp disease.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Blood Cell Count ; Dermis ; Eczema ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Liver ; Pagetoid Reticulosis* ; Thigh ; Urinalysis

We report the clinical evolution of two male patients with generalized granulama annulare(GGA) who were controlled with hydroxychloroquine. In the first case, a 3-year-old boy was treated with systemic steroid, and in the second case, a 68-year-old man was treated with prednisolone, niacin, and retinoic acid. But, remission and recurrence of the skin lesions were repeated. A good clinieal response was achieved in both cases after administration of hydroxychloroquine without side effects or any signs of recurrence. Hydroxychloroquine may be helpful to treat the GGA that have side effects to the systemic corticosteroid or resistence to other therapeutic modalities.
Aged ; Child, Preschool ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine* ; Male ; Niacin ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Tretinoin

No abstract available.
Child* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans

Multiple endocrine neoplasi~a type 3 is a rare, heritable or sporadic, multiple neoplastic disorder that is charracterized by thyroid medullary careinoma, pheochromocytoma, multiple mucosal neuroma, and marfanoid habitus. The most important disorder of the syndrome is mucosal neuroma that is an early diagnostic sign of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3. Early diagnosis of MEN type 3 determines prognosis of the disease. We present a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3 of the sporadic pattern in a 27-year-old man who had typical medullary thyroid carcinoma, mucosal neuroma, marfanoid habitus, and megacolon.
Adult ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Megacolon ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia* ; Neuroma* ; Pheochromocytoma ; Prognosis ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms