No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

Non-small cell lung cancer: As most patients with non-small cell lung cancer present with nonsurgically curable diseae, major efforts have been made in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chemotherapy. Controlled studies of platinum-based chemotherapy vs. supportive care showed statistically significant improvements in survival. During the last several years, the introduction of several new chemotherapeutic agents, such as the taxanes, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and irinotecan has resulted in improved survival and quality of life for patients with advanced NSCLC. However, the superiority of a regimen in terms of improved survival, quality of life, and toxicity profile has still remained unclear. Newer, targeted therapies hold promise to improve outcome without adding a great deal of additional toxicity. Small cell lung cancer: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by early dissemination and a rapid, aggressive clinical course. The role of combination chemotherapy in patients with SCLC was well established since 1970's; however, no trend toward longer survival has been observed during the last decade. Even if the use of adjunctive radiation therapy does not help in extending survival in extensive-disease, the use of chemotherapy without radiation therapy is to be discouraged in patients with limited-disease, because randomized trials showed a definite survival advantage for combined modality therapy. In terms of the choice of chemotherapy, etoposide/cisplatin or etoposide/carboplatin have emerged as the regimens of choice because they offer a good therapeutic index and can be combined with radiotherapy. Recently, several active agents such as taxanes, topotecan, vinorelbine, and irinotecan have been used in SCLC.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Taxoids ; Topotecan

PURPOSE: As a new strategy to modulate drug resistance in the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL), continuos infusion of drugs has been incorporated into the chemotherapy. We conducted a phase II study to determine the activity and safety of EPOCH (etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone) chemotherapy, in which the natursl products are administered as a continuous infusion, for previously treated NHL's of intermediate grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EPOCH chemotherapy (etoposide 50 mg/m2/day 24 hour- continuous infusion, days 1~4, vincristine 0.4 mg/m2/day 24 hour-continuous infusion, days 1~4, doxorubicin 10 mg/m2/day 24 hour-continuous infusion, days 1~4, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 i.v., day 5, prednisolone 60 mg/m2/day p.o. days 1-5) was given to eligible patients every 3 weeks and we assessed response and toxicity of the regimen. RESULTS: Between June 1993 and December 1995, total 56 patients entered this trial and 49 were evaluable. The complete response rate was 41%(95% C.I.: 27-55%). After follow up of 9~50(median 38) months, progression free survival was 0~39+(median 7) months and the overall survival was 1~44+(median 14) months. The prognostic factor analyses showed that B symtoms and serum LDH level before treatment and response to previous treatment affected complete response rate, and patients' performance status and response to previous treatment affected progression free survival and overall survival. Toxicities of EPOCH regimen were leukopenia, stomatitis, nausea/vomiting and neurotoxicity, but they were tolerable. There was 1 case of treatment-related death due to sepsis. CONDUSION: EPOCH chemotherapy was safe and effective for the patients with relapsed NHL. However, the results of patients with NHL refractory to previous treatment were so poor that more intensive, novel treatment would be needed for this category of patients.
Cyclophosphamide ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Prednisolone ; Sepsis ; Stomatitis ; Vincristine*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Multiple Myeloma*

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Sarcoma* ; Vinblastine*

Hematopoietic neoplasm coexpressing CD4 and CD56 includes a subset of acute myeloid leukemia with myelomonocytic differentiation, plasmacytoid monocyte tumor, and other immature hematopoietic neoplasms of undefined origin. Herein, we report a CD4+CD56+CD68+ hematopoietic tumor that was thought to be a tumor of plasmacytoid monocytes. This case is unique in the absence of accompanying myelomonocytic leukemia and the faint expression of cCD3 on the tumor cells. The patient was a 22-yr old man presented with multiple lymphadenopathy and an involvement of the bone marrow. Tumor cells were large and monomorphic with an angulated eosinophilic cytoplasm of moderate amount. Nuclei of most tumor cells were eccentric and round with one or two prominent nucleoli. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was prominent in electron microscopic examination. Tumor cells expressed CD4, CD7, CD10, CD45RB, CD56, CD68, and HLA-DR and were negative for CD1a, CD2, sCD3, CD5, CD13, CD14, CD20, CD33, CD34, CD43, CD45RA, TIA-1, S-100, and TdT. cCD3 was not detected in the immunostaining using paraffin tissue, but was faintly expressed in flow cytometry and immunostaining using a touch imprint slide. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis and EBV in situ hybridization showed negative results. Cytochemically, myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase were all negative.
Adult ; Antigens, CD/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, CD3/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, CD4/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, CD45/biosynthesis ; Antigens, CD56/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/*biosynthesis ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Cell Nucleus/pathology ; Eosinophils/metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis/*metabolism ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism

PURPOSE: Drug resistance is one of the major obstacles to treatment of cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by overexpression of p-glycoprotein (Pgp) in cancer cell membrane is a well-known mechanism of drug resistance in in vitro system and was reported to be a significant mechanism of resistance in non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, is proven in vitro to overcome the MDR caused by Pgp. We performed a phase II trial of verapamil in patients with NHL refractory to EPOCH regimen (etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) to overcome the MDR caused by Pgp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Verapamil was administered via intravenous route from 1 hour before to 12 hour after the 96-hour infusion of etoposide, doxorubicin, and vincristine which were known to be substrates of Pgp in EPOCH regimen. The dose of verapamil was 0.15 mg/Kg in bolus and 0.2 mg/Kg/hr in infusion at the beginning and escalated by 0.05 mg/Kg/hr every 24 hours if there was no dose-limiting toxicities such as 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, hypotension, or congestive heart failure. Plasma verapamil concentrations were measured every 24 hour by gas chromatography. Mdrl expression level in tumor tissues was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: From Feb. to Nov. 1994, 14 patients were treated with this protocoL However, poor tolerability and no response in these patients led to early closure of the study at this 1st stage of patient accrual according to Gehans method. Among 14 patients, 12 experienced 2nd or 3rd degree AV block and/or hypotension and required temporary cessation of infusion and reduction of verapamil dose. However, there was no congestive heart failure or treatment-related death. The peak concentrations of verapamil were 0.29-1.94 pM (mean 0.93 pM) and mean concentrations during the 4-day infusion were 0.22-1.21 pM (mean 0.6 pM). Mdrl expression levels measured in 6 patients were 0.99-14.43 U (median 4.39). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that verapamil in this dose and schedule was neither tolerable nor effective for the reversal of drug resistance in NHL patients.
Appointments and Schedules ; Atrioventricular Block ; Calcium Channels ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatography, Gas ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance* ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Etoposide ; Heart Failure ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; P-Glycoprotein ; Plasma ; Prednisolone ; Verapamil* ; Vincristine

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: The quality of sexuality is significantly affected by physical changes following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the dissatisfied and/or dysfunctional sexuality may cause deterioration in the quality of life (QOL). METHODS: With two models of questionnaires, we interviewed thirty-eight patients who remained in the disease-free status after HSCT and had sex partners, to assess: 1) the changes in sexuality, 2) QOL in physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains and 3) the correlation between sexuality and QOL. RESULTS: The common physical changes that may affect sexuality in women were secondary amenorrhea (69.2%), loss of sexual interest (53.8%), diminished vaginal secretion (50%), menopausal syndrome (34.6%), dyspareunia (30.8%) and failure to orgasm (23.1%), while men complained of impotence (41.7%) and difficulty in ejaculation (16.7%). For sexuality, satisfaction of sexual activity, attainment of orgasm and frequency of intercourse decreased significantly after HSCT as compared with the pre-transplant levels. A score measuring QOL after HSCT marked 5.91 on a full score of 10; social domain ranked the lowest (5.01) while physical domain the highest (6.70). Among the items of sexuality, only sexual desire was significantly correlated with QOL; satisfaction, orgasm and frequency were not significantly correlated with QOL. CONCLUSION: Although sexuality is affected by the physical changes following HSCT, we should not overlook the psychological and social effects on the sexuality of post-transplant patients. Therefore, educational and counseling programs are very important to restore and improve their sexuality.
Adult ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/*adverse effects/psychology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Sex Disorders/*etiology ; *Sexuality