To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyeongpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring (29.4%) and summer (29.4%), and the lowest in fall (17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday (24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post (51.8%) and the next was clinic (38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occurred in the room and kitchen (23.5%), in the yard and barn (23.5%), on the road (22.4%), and in the rice field and dry field (20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident (20.0%), piercing or cutting (20.0%), collision or fighting (12.9%), and poisoning (11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injured part of body was extremity 55.3%.
Agriculture ; Extremities ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Poisoning ; Prospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Epinephrine-containing epidural test dose is used for obstetric epidural anesthesia to identify the unintentional cannulation of an epidural vessel. This study evaluated the effects of an epinephrine test dose during epidural anesthesia with 0.5% ropivacaine in ceasrean section. METHODS: Seventy healthy pregnant women, scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomly assigned to one of two groups. A lumbar epidural catheter was placed and aspirated. If aspiration was positive for blood or cerebrospinal fluid, the catheter was replaced. All patients received an 3 ml test dose of either 1.5% lidocaine with epinephrine 5microgram/ml (group E) or lidocaine only (group C). After test dose, 50microgram fentanyl and 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine were given to the all patients. Applying the pin prick method and a modified Bromage scoring system, senseory block level and motot block intensity were checked at 5 min intervals for the first hour following ropivacaine injection. After then, they were checked at 15 min intervals for the rest of the test period. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured as well. RESULTS: No significant difference between the two groups was detected in HR, BP, the profile of sensory block, motor scores and the onset of motor block. However, group C showed significantly shorter span of motor block (102 +/- 31 min.) than group E (134 +/- 32 min.) (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in neonatal outcome, as assessed by Apgar score at delivery. The most common adverse effect in mothers was hypotension. No serious adverse effects were detected in this study. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that only the span of motor block by the epidural ropivacaine is affected by epinephrine-containing epidural test dose.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Blood Pressure ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cesarean Section ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women

In this article, the third author's name was spelled incorrectly.

In this article, the third author's name was spelled incorrectly.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management guidelines have been released from Western countries, but no adequate data on the application of these guidelines in Asian countries and no surveys on the treatment of IBD in real practice exist. Since there is a growing need for a customized consensus for IBD treatment in Asian countries, Asian Organization of Crohn's and Colitis performed a multinational survey of medical doctors who treat IBD patients in Asian countries. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed between August 2013 and November 2013. It was composed of 4 domains: personal information, IBD diagnosis, IBD treatment, and quality of IBD care. Upon completion of the questionnaire, a web-based survey was conducted between 17 March 2014 and 12 May 2014. RESULTS: In total, 353 medical doctors treating IBD from ten Asian countries responded to the survey. This survey data suggested a difference in available medical treatments (budesonide, tacrolimus) among Asian countries. Therapeutic strategies regarding refractory IBD (acute severe ulcerative colitis [UC] refractory to intravenous steroids and refractory Crohn's disease [CD]) and active UC were coincident, however, induction therapies for mild to moderate inflammatory small bowel CD are different among Asian countries. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrated that current therapeutic approaches and clinical management of IBD vary among Asian countries. Based on these results and discussions, we hope that optimal management guidelines for Asian IBD patients will be developed.
Asia* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Colitis* ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Consensus ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Hope ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Seoul* ; Steroids

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) with 2D echocardiography (2DE) is one of the time-consuming procedures in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, the accuracy of DSE with 2DE depends on the operator's skill or bias during the image acquisition. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility and accuracy of DSE with real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) for the diagnosis of CAD. SUBJECT AND METHODS: 62 patients (RT3DE: 36, 2DE: 26), suspected of angina pectoris and post-revascularization ischemia, underwent DSE and coronary angiography (CAG). Image acquisition was performed at the baseline, and at 4 times during the dobutamine infusion and recovery stages. The procedure time (from the baseline to the end of the peak dose stage) was recorded. Off-line analyses of the volumetric images acquired with RT3DE were performed using 3D computer software (TomTec, Co.). Digitized quad-screen images acquired with 2DE were analyzed using the 2DE review system (ProSolv 4.0). >50% luminal diameter stenosis of any coronary artery on CAG was defined as significant coronary artery stenosis. RESULTS: The procedure time of DSE with RT3DE was significantly shorter than that of DSE with 2DE (25+/-4 vs. 37+/-4 mins, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the sensitivity (p>0.05) or specificity (p>0.05) between the two procedures. CONCLUSION: DSE with RT3DE seems to be a feasible and less time consuming diagnostic procedure, probably providing comparable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary artery stenosis, than DSE with 2DE.
Angina Pectoris ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis* ; Dobutamine* ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Stress* ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Phenobarbital ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease are the first and the fourth common causes of death among adults in Korea. Reported risk factors of one of these diseases may prevent other diseases. Therefore, we tried to compare and discriminate the risk factors of these diseases. We recruited four case groups and four control groups among the inpatients who were admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital from March, 1994 to November, 1995. Four control groups were matched with each of four case groups by age and sex. The number of patients in each of four case and control groups were 106 and 168 for acute myocardial infarction(AMI), 84 and 133 for subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), 102 and 148 for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), and 91 and 182 for ischemic stroke(IS) respectively. Factors whose levels were significantly higher in AMI and IS than in responding control group(RCG) were education, economic status, and triglyceride. Factors whose levels were significantly lower in hemorrhagic stroke than in RCG were age of menarch, and prothrombin time. The factor whose level was higher in AMI than in RCG was uric acid. The factor whose level was higher in AMI, ICH, and SAH than in RCG was blood sugar. Factors whose levels were significantly higher in all the case groups than in RCG were earlobe crease, Quetelet index, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total cholesterol. The list of risk factors were somewhat different among the four diseases, though none of the risk factors to the one disease except prothrombin time acted as a preventive factor to the other diseases. The percent of grouped cases correctly classified was higher in the discrimination of ischemic diseases(AMI and IS) from hemorrhagic diseases(SAH and ICH) than in the discrimination of cerebrovascular disease from AMI. The factors concerned in the discrimination of ischemic diseases from hemorrhagic diseases were prothrombin time, earlobe crease, gender, age uric aci, education, albumin, hemoglobin, the history of taking steroid, total cholesterol, and hematocrit according to the selection order through forward selection.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies* ; Cause of Death ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Leukocyte Count ; Prothrombin Time ; Risk Factors* ; Stroke ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

This paper describes that invasive aspergillosis was found in oral cavity, especially in lower molar periodontium in a immunocompromised 34-year-old woman who had been admitted in hemato-oncology with the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Antifungal therapy and surgical excision of involved teeth, bone and gingiva were the treatment of choice. After treatment infected area was healed very well. We would like to report our case because we could not find any paper reporting on invasive aspergillosis occurring in lower molar periodontium.
Adult ; Aspergillosis* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Molar* ; Mouth ; Periodontium ; Tooth

We made a clinical observation of 17 cases of congenital Hypothyroidism at the Pediatric department of Yonsei University hospital in Seoul, Korea during the period from January, 1969 to August, 1979. The results were as followings : 1) Male to female sex was about 1 : 1.1, and 6 cases (35%) of congenital hypothyroid-sm were diagnosed under 1 year old. 2) In etiological classificattion, aplastic or hypoplastic glands was 7 cases (41.2%) and normal or enlarged gland, 6 cases (35.3%) and ectopic thyroid tissue, 4 cases (23.5%). 3) In all cases, height and bone age retarded below normal range. 4) All cases were improved slightly after receiving dessicated thyroid and sodium-1 thyroxin therapy. Three cases had regalned normal growth and development after 6 months of treatment.
Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Reference Values ; Seoul ; Thyroid Dysgenesis ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroxine