PURPOSE: It was identified that how many homebound bedridden elderlies and their primary caregivers were depressed, and which factors affected the bedridden elderly's depression. METHOD: The subjects were 191 homebound bedridden elderlies and their primary caregivers. The affecting factors were classified into two categories: bedridden elderly and their primary caregiver related factors. Then bedridden elderly's factors were classified demographic and disease-related factors again. The stepwise regression was used to identify significant factors. RESULT: The prevalence of bedridden elderly's and caregiver's depression was 77.8% and 67.0%, respectively. And the model explained 33.3% of variance of bedridden elderly's depression. Cognitively-impaired female elderlies who had depressed caregivers were found to be more depressed. And caregivers who perceived burden were identified to be more depressed. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that the health professionals need to identify bedridden elderlies and caregivers at risk of depression. Especially elderlies who is in poor cognition, those who are female, and those whose caregivers were depressed might be considered carefully in all counseling or follow-up. Also the primary caregivers must be helped to access already available formal and informal support.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Cognition ; Counseling ; Depression* ; Female ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Prevalence

To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyeongpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring (29.4%) and summer (29.4%), and the lowest in fall (17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday (24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post (51.8%) and the next was clinic (38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occurred in the room and kitchen (23.5%), in the yard and barn (23.5%), on the road (22.4%), and in the rice field and dry field (20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident (20.0%), piercing or cutting (20.0%), collision or fighting (12.9%), and poisoning (11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injured part of body was extremity 55.3%.
Agriculture ; Extremities ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Poisoning ; Prospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the ADL and IADL of bed-ridden elderly. Also it is used to show fuctional status, and to investigate the content and the level of nursing services provided. METHOD: The subjects were 191 elderly who received visiting nurse service through public health centers in the Seoul Metopolitan and Chungnam Province. Data collection was conducted by public health center nurses during four months in 2000. Result: As for daily living activities, 100% of subjects had at least one difficulty in ADL and IADL. Among them, only 0.5% had moderate disabilities and 99.5% had severe disabilities by HFS, 27.9% were in a semi bed-ridden state and 72.1% were completely bed-ridden by JABC. The major service provided was a visiting nurse service which was preferable to the social welfare service. In the visiting nurse service, there was no significant difference according to the elderlys' functional status. In addition there was no standadization about the qualification of the visiting nurse, and single entry point for the nursing service. CONCLUSION: The researchers urgently suggest that a community based comprehensive service model has to be developed to respond to the needs of the elderly in Korea.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Korea ; Nurses, Community Health ; Nursing Services ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Social Welfare

The effects of social support on post-stroke depression were investigated. Social support was classified into three categories: primary caregiver's. significant other's. and professional support. And primary caregiver's and significant other's support were divided into their relation, living state (which means they living together or not), frequency which they met at. and perceived satisfaction about the support, respectively. Professional support was divided into number of professionals who take care of. frequency they met at. and perceived satisfaction. The subjects were 254 stroke patients who had been discharged and were taken follow-up care at the outpatient department. The depression was measured using CES-D. Out of the primary caregiver's support. only relation and perceived satisfaction were identified to affect the post-stroke depression. The patients who primarily their spouse takes care of were less depressed than those who their adult children take care of. None of the significant other's support affects the post-stroke depression. Only perceived satisfaction of the professional support was found to affect the post-stroke depression. So it was found that the quality, not the amount, of care was important to post-stroke depression. These results also support the claim that the facilities and teaching programs for primary caregivers are necessary
Adult Children ; Caregivers ; Depression* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Spouses ; Stroke

This study was to identify the nursing intervention method in finding out the incidence, risk factor, prevention and treatment of bed sore clients who received regional home care nursing services. The eleven home care nurse practitioners took the survey on 97 patients who received home care nursing service from Seoul City Nurses Association for one month from September 26 to October 26 1996. A modified version of Braden's bed sore assessment tool for bed sore risks and a tool for assessment of bed sore stage and measurement bed sore sizes by Bergstrom, Barden, Laguzza and Holman(1987) were as research tools for this study and a questionnaire with 40 questions and 12 items on nursing activities was used to find out the prevention and treatment of bed sores. Also, two open ended questions were used on current approaches and efforts of the treatment being applied to clients. The finding of the study were summarized as following : 1. The rate of bed sore occurrence was 47.4%. 2. The areas of bed sore occurrence were hip(28.9%), sacrum(18.6%), great trochanter(14.4%) and the average number of sore spots were 2.26. 3. Two groups-one with bed sores and the other without were studied to determine prediction factors for bed sore risks. Sensory function, humidity, level of activity, mobility, nutrition, skin friction and chapping and body temperature turned out to be statistically significant factors for bed sores. Also the age of clients turned out to be a individual characteristic variable significantly affecting the rate of bed sore occurrences. 4. The education for clients and family on systematic skin assessment and bed sores and practice of active/passive R.O.M are mainly used as nursing activities for bed sore care. 5. The treatment method varied by stages of bed sores. Sometimes folk remedies like applying the powders of dried elm tree roots to sores were used. Good nutrition, frequent position change and skin care turned to be the most effective means to fast recovery of sores.
Body Temperature ; Education ; Friction ; Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incidence ; Medicine, Traditional ; Nurse Practitioners ; Nursing Services ; Nursing* ; Powders ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Sensation ; Seoul ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Ulmus

No abstract available.
Lidocaine* ; Muscle, Smooth*

This study was carried out to find out the basic data required to plan and develop Rehabilitation Day Care Program for the stroke survivor's family in Korea. The subjects comprised of 92 stroke survivor's family who discharged from 4 hospitals in Seoul during the past 2 years. The data were collected from August 3. 1998 to September 18, 1998, through interviews with questionnaires about general characteristics, activities of daily living, depression and service need of rehabilitation day care program at the outpatient clinics by trained nursing graduates. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 10.0 program. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The mean score of the general need of rehabilitation day care program of stroke survivor's family was 3.10(range 1-4). The highest need among the service categories of the rehabilitation day care program was self-care and restorative activities category(3.30). and health services referral category, recreation category, psychosocial activities category in order. The needs of each category are as follows. In the health services referral category, the need for dental examination and medical examination were highest, followed by the need for physical therapy and occupational therapy. In the psychosocial activities category, the need for family counselling was highest. In the self-care and restorative activities category, the need for ROM exercise training was highest, followed by bowel training, and ambulation training. 2. The need of family for rehabilitation day care program service displayed a correlation with the level of education. ADL. and the level of depression. and a reverse correlation with age, illness intrusiveness, depression, knowledge. subject and object burden and relationship with stroke survivors. 3. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed following results. For the need for rehabilitation day care program service. 22.6% of the variance was initially explained by level of family's knowledge about caring method for stroke survivors, 8.8% was the level of subjective burden and 5.4% was relationship with stroke survivors. In conclusion, above characteristics should be considered to develop stroke survivors' rehabilitation day care program.
Activities of Daily Living ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Day Care, Medical* ; Depression ; Education ; Health Services ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Occupational Therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recreation ; Referral and Consultation ; Rehabilitation* ; Self Care ; Seoul ; Stroke* ; Survivors ; Walking

Social support was found to have buffering effects on the stress response of stroke patients. Especially, the aspects of social support found to be most influential were support from a close, personal source, and overall satisfaction with support. The purpose of this study was to identify the current social network and its characteristics according to gender difference in post-hospitalized stroke patients in Korea. The sample consisted of a convenience sample of 254 patients was recruited 129 men and 125 women who were receiving follow-up care at outpatients clinics. Four aspects of social support-source, quantity, quality & type-were measured using the modified Social Support Inventory for Stroke Survivors(SSISS) which was developed by McColl & Friedland(1989). Regarding sources of social support, 61.4% reported for 'spouse' as primary caregiver and 31.9%, 'children'. But the distribution of sources of personal support were related to gender; 82.2% of male patients had support from their spouses, while only 40% of female patients reported from 'spouse' but 51.4% from 'children'. Among the children, daughters and sons were more significant support persons than daughters-in-law. The percentages for sources of these significant other support persons were 55.5% for 'children', 8.7% for 'spouse', and 8.3% for 'brothers'. The physician at the outpatient department was the main source of professional support. For the quantity and quality of social support, the primary caregiver's support was more significant than support by significant other persons. Male patients reported that primary the caregiver' support was greater than that of significant other persons, while female patients perceived significant other persons as giving greater support. Regarding the type of perceived social support, the stroke patients were highly satisfied with the primary caregiver's support in aspects of instrumental, emotional, and informational support. They also reported high satisfaction with support from significant others' support in the aspect of emotional support, while emotional and informational support from professionals was reported as satisfactory. In conclusion, gender difference in the social support network was found in that male patients perceived more support from their spouses, while female patients perceived more support from their children as compared to their spouses.
Caregivers ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nuclear Family ; Outpatients ; Spouses ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare communication competence, nursing professionalism, work environment and job satisfaction between outpatient nurses and ward nurses, and to identify the correlation among variables.METHODS: The participants were 90 outpatient nurses and 98 ward nurses at the two general hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2-test, independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between two groups in nursing professionalism, possibilities for development, commitment to the workplace, social support from colleagues, social community at work and job satisfaction, outpatient nurses showed higher level than ward nurses except commitment to the workplace. The work environment variables and nurses' job satisfaction were mostly correlated. Job satisfaction showed significant negatively correlated with quantitative demands, emotional demands and role conflicts in both groups nurses.CONCLUSION: These findings showed that nursing work environments were the most important factor for job satisfaction of both group nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to put efforts in improving nursing work environment and to develop diverse strategies for human resource management.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Professionalism

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