We investigated the ventilatory changes in healthy patients without cardiopulmonary pathology during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the head-up position. During surgery, intraabdominal pressure was maintained at 15 mmHg by a CO2 insufflator, and minute ventilation was controlled with a constant tidal volume and fixed respiratory rate. PETCO2 was monitored continuously and recorded every minute. Basic hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters were measured before anesthesia; after induction of anesthesia; at 5 min, 10 min and 30 min after peritoneal insufflation; and 5 min and 10 min after exsufflation. Arterial blood samples were obtained 3 times to calculate D(a-A)CO2, VD/VT, and Vco2. The latent period of PETCO2 change was 2.9 min, the ascending period was 12.6 min, and the descending period was 12.2 min. During the 71.5 min of pneumoperitoneum, V(I), VE, peak and plateau Paw increased, while Cdyn decreased significantly. Peritoneal insufflation or exsufflation also resulted in a significant change of D(a-A)CO2, D(a-A)O2, and Vco2. The anesthesiologist must be aware of both hemodynamic and ventilatory changes and must be ready to respond promptly and adequately.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Colectomy* ; Colon/surgery* ; Human ; Intraoperative Period ; Laparoscopy* ; Posture ; Respiration*

The purpose of this study was to describe the differences in three phenomenological research methods used to understand the experience of families of patients with cancer and so provide as guideline to novices first attempting qualitative research. The subjects were 3 family members - spouse, daughter, daughter-in-law -of cancer patients at S-hospital. Unstructured deep interviews were carried out and taped for further analyzed. Interviews were analyzed using three phenomenological methods ; Giorgi's, Colazzi's, and Van Kaam's. The results are as follows: The experience of family the analyzed using Giorgi's method showed different characteristics according to the family members' role. According to Colaizzi's method, they experienced burden, a willingness to care, role conflict, thanks to family and significant others, and ambivalence about treatment. Using Van Kaam's methodology, two categories were identified ; change of family function and burden. Themes in change of family function were positive attitude(9), role conflict(6), negative attitude(5), active attitude(2), and passive attitude(2) ; Themes in burden were emotional burden, physical burden, and economic burden. The result from using Giorgi's method were centered or individual characteristics and these results constituteds situational structured description and a general structured description. From Colaizzi's method the focus was on the common experience of all fo the subjects. In Van Kaam's method, subthemes (13), themes(8), and categories(2) were identified. So researchers should choose the qualitative method according to their research goals and methodological characteristics.
Humans ; Nuclear Family ; Qualitative Research ; Research Design* ; Spouses

Endometrial carcinoma has been the most common female pelvic malignancy in the U.S.A. Approximately one-fourth of patient treated for early endometrial cancer will develop reccure-nt disease. Kelly and Baker first descibed that the use of progestational agents for treatment of met- astatic endometrial cancer in 1961. Response of progesterone therapy in metastatic endometrial cancer is related to several factors. Higher response rates are observed in well differentiated tumors, longer disease free interval and tumors that positive for estrogen and progesterone re- ceptors. We experienced a case of complete response in recurrent endometrial cancer to metastasis to lung treated by tamoxifen and progesterone, we present this case with a brief review of lite- rature.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Progesterone* ; Progestins ; Tamoxifen*

BACKGROUND: To ensure patient safety and improvements in the quality of hospital care, rapid response teams (RRTs) have been implemented in many countries, including Korea. The goal of an RRT is early identification and response to clinical deterioration in patients. However, there are differences in RRT systems among hospitals and limited data are available. METHODS: In Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the St. Mary's Advanced Life Support Team was implemented in June 2013. We retrospectively reviewed the RRT activation records of 287 cases from June 2013 to December 2016. RESULTS: The median response time and median modified early warning score were 8.6 minutes (interquartile range, 5.6 to 11.6 minutes) and 5.0 points (interquartile range, 4.0 to 7.0 points), respectively. Residents (35.8%) and nurses (59.1%) were the main activators of the RRT. Interestingly, postoperative patients account for a large percentage of the RRT activation cases (69.3%). The survival rate was 83.6% and survival was mainly associated with malignancy, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, and the time from admission to RRT activation. RRT activation with screening showed a better outcome compared to activation via a phone call in terms of the intensive care unit admission rate and length of hospital stay after RRT activation. CONCLUSIONS: Malignancy was the most important factor related to survival. In addition, RRT activation with patient screening showed a better outcome compared to activation via a phone call. Further studies are needed to determine the effective screening criteria and improve the quality of the RRT system.
Epidemiology* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mass Screening ; Patient Safety ; Physiology ; Reaction Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: At present, there are many instruments to diagnose anxiety and depression. However, most of the instruments have a number of questions. Therefore, we have many difficulties in applying them to the primary care. The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability and the validity of a Korean-translated Goldberg s short screening scale for anxiety and depression, which were developed for screening of anxiety and depression in primary care. METHODS: 178 asymtomatic subjects and 58 patients(anxiety 15, depression 43) aged from 18 to 64 years old were selected. The patients were diagnosed by psychiatrist according to DSM-IV criteria. This study was performed for 3 months, from May to August 1996. The reliability of this instrument was measured by internal consistency reliability. The validity of this instrument was measured by three methods. The first method was the comparison of the score between the patients and the control group. The second method was to measure the relationships of this instrument with the other instruments such as Self-rating Depression Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The last method was to measure the relationship of this instrument with Comprehensive Global Assessment. In addition, we calculated the sensituvity and specificity at the cut off values. RESULTS: The Cronbach's a value was 0.736 for the anxiety and 0.749 for the depression. Goldberg anxiety scale was significantly associated with state in STAI(r=0.279, P<0.001), and trait in STAI(r=0.125, P=0.041). However, Goldberg depression scale was not sigficantly associated with SDS. Goldberg anxiety scale as well as Goldberg depression scale were significantly associated with CGA(r=0.433, P=0.001; r=0.695, P=0.001). The seore of Goldberg anxiety scale was significantly higher in the anxious patients than in the control group(P=0.047). The score of Goldberg depression scale was significantly higher in the depressive patients than in the control group(P<0.001). For anxiety scale of Goldberg scale, the sensitivity and the specificity was 60% and 68% at score 3. For depression scale of Goldberg scale, the sensitivity and the specificity was 80% and 68% at score 2. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the value of Cronbach's a in Goldberg scale was 0.736 for anxiety and 0.749 for depression. For the validity, the scores of Goldberg scale were higher in patient group than in asymptomatic group. However, the relationships of Goldberg scale with other screening instruments were variable. So further study for the validity of Goldberg scale is requested.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Middle Aged ; Primary Health Care ; Psychiatry ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion characterized by the replacement of the normal substances of the interior of the bone by fibroosseous connective tissue histologically exhibiting varying degrees of osseous metaplasia. Craniofacial dysplasia represents approximately 2.5% of all bone tumors and 7.5% of benign bone tumors. Craniofacial dysplasia frequently affects the maxilla and frontal bone and induces local facial swelling and exophthalmos. The dysplasia has predilection for membranous bone such as femur or tibia, so its origin in the ethmoid is very rare. Recently, we experienced a case of fibrous dysplasia originating in the ethmoid bone extending to intracranial region. Our case demonstrated a huge bony lesion involving right ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid bone and extending to the left frontal area extensively forming a large dumbbell shaped cyst with thin calcified wall. There are no reported cases of fibrous dysplasia forming huge cyst in the intracranial region internationally. Hence, we report a case of fibrous dysplasia of ethmoid sinus forming the intracranial huge cyst.
Connective Tissue ; Ethmoid Bone* ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Exophthalmos ; Femur ; Frontal Bone ; Maxilla ; Metaplasia ; Sphenoid Bone ; Tibia

Malignant intracranial meningioma is a rare pathologic entity. Although the topic is widely discussed, there is little agreement in the literatures as to the histological and radiological features that warrant the diagnosis of malignant meningioma. An osteolytic lesion of the skull may have been suggested in several cases. But in adults, the most commonly suspected lesion is metastatic lesion;while meningioma is rarely suspected. Meningiomas are occasionally associated even with extracranial masses. However, most of these masses are firm, and are caused by hyperostosis. Extracranial soft-tissue masses rarely arise in meningiomas, thus, the presence of both osteolytic skull lesion and soft-tissue mass is exceedingly rare in meningiomas. The authors report a case of osteolytic malignant meningioma located at the frontal fossa extending to the subgaleal space appearing as an extracranial soft-tissue mass in a 19-year-old female. The clinical, radiological, neurosurgical, and histopathological features of these lesions are discussed together with a review of the literatures.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperostosis ; Meningioma* ; Osteolysis ; Skull ; Young Adult

Takaysu arteritis is a systemic disease characterized by stenosis or obstruction of aorta and its branches. Its etiology is unknown but clinical and serologic data suggest autoimmune process. Coronary artery involvement has been uncommon, but potentially fatal complication of Takayasu arteritis. A 41-year old female patients was presented with exertional dyspnea and anterioi chest pain of 2 week duration. Systolic bruit was heard at the both middle portion of internal carotid artery areas. Both radial arteries were palpated well but both femoral, popliteal and doralis pedis arteries were palpated weakly. Aortogram showed complete obstruction of descending thoracic aorta and collateral circulation of internal mammary artery. Coronary angiogram showed 80% stenosis at the middle portion of the right coronary artery. Calcium channel blocker and antiplatelet agent were prescribed. And her clinical symptom improved.
Adult ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Arteries ; Arteritis* ; Calcium Channels ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Chest Pain ; Collateral Circulation ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries ; Radial Artery ; Takayasu Arteritis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the change of indications and chromosomal abnormalities according to pateint's age and indications in midtrimester genetic amniocentesis. METHODS: This study reviewed 501 prenatal genetic amniocentesis cases from June 1995 to April 2004 which were done at Presbyterian Medical Center. We analized the changes of the indication, age distribution and chromosomal results according to maternal age and indications of amniocentesis. RESULTS: In 501 cases, the most common maternal and gestational age distributions were 30-34 years old and 17 weeks (32.54% and 25.98%, respectively). Abnormal maternal serum markers were the most common indications for amniocentesis (46.9%), and followed by old age (24.96%), combined old age and abnormal maternal serum screening (14.38%), ultrasonographic abnormality (4.60%). The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities were 3.79% (19 cases), of which numerical abnormalities and structural abnormalities were 1.79% (9 cases) and 2.0% (10 cases), respectively. In autosomal disorders, Down syndrome 4 cases, translocation 3 cases, mosaicism 2 cases, deletion 1case were diagnosed. In sex chromosomal disorders, Turner syndrome 1 case and mosaicism 2 cases (Turner syndrome 1 case, Triple X chromosome 1 case) were diagnosed. No statistic significance was found among different age groups. Those who had ultrasonographic abnormalities were found to have correlation with chromosomal abnormalities than other indications. CONCLUSION: Among the several indications for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis, ultrasonographic abnormalities and abnormal maternal serum markers might be important indications. Especially, ultrasonographic abnormalities could be the most predictive markers for abnormal fetal karyotypes.
Age Distribution ; Amniocentesis* ; Biomarkers ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; Cytogenetics ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Mass Screening ; Maternal Age ; Mosaicism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Protestantism ; Turner Syndrome ; X Chromosome