PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the immunohistochemical distributions of HO-1 and HO-2 with the developmental process of retina, focusing on the time of birth and opening eyes because it is the time of the exposure to hyperoxia and light exposure. METHODS: The retina of 16-day-old embryo, 18-day-old embryo, 20-day-old embryo and postnatal rats at 0 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months were examined by hematoxylineeosin staining and immunohistochemistry of HO-1 and HO-2. RESULTS: Similar distribution of HO-1 and HO-2 from embryo to mature retina were observed. It was observed that HO-1 and HO-2 was contained in ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment layer of the mature retina. In the developmental process, reactivity was observed in the cell body of ganglion cells after 0 day of its birth. The reactivity was increased after 5 days of its birth, staining was observed in nerve cell and nerve fiber of ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner segment of neuroblastic layer, pigment layer at this time. Reactivity of ganglion cell layer and pigment layer was increased intensively after 15 days of its birth and weak reactivity in some of horizontal cells and amacrine cells in inner plexiform layer was observed. The same distribution as that of mature retina was observed after 20 days of its birth. CONCLUSIONS: HO-1 and HO-2 expression was temporally and spatially correlated with the normal development of retina in rats. HO was concerned with the structure and function of retinal development by the activation of its products and with anti-oxidant mechanism on the time of birth and opening eyes.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; Embryonic Structures ; Ganglion Cysts ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)* ; Heme* ; Hyperoxia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes* ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde

No abstract available.
Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

No abstract available.
Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

BACKGROUND: The automated border detection(ABD) echocardiography has the ability of recognizing the endocardial-blood interface, and therefore, on-line estimation of the left ventricular(LV) volume every cardiac cycle. Compared with the off-line conventional 2-dimensional echocardiographic method that requires tracing the endocardial border manually, the ABDd system can be a convenient and objective method in the estimation of the LV volume and the ejection fraction(EF). The purpose of this study is to compare the LV volume and EF between the on-line ABD system and the convertional off-line echocardiographic method. METHODS: In two weeks, 83 adult patients older than 16 years of age were referred to our echocardiographic laboratory. Among these 83 patients, 64 patients who had a normal sinus rhythm were included to our study. Using the Hewlett-Packard SONOS 1500, a 2.5 MHz transducer was placed dat the cardiac apex. Patients with an apical 4 chamber view of the LV in which at least 75% of the endocardium was clearly seen were selected for study. On that view, the ABD system was turned on, and the reansmit power and the time-gain compensation controls were adjusted in order to approximate the automated border to the visually apparent endocardial surface. The LV end-diastolic volume(LVESV) and LV end-systolic volume(LVESV) were calculated by the method of disc. LVEDV, LVESV, and EF were displayed every cardiac cycle. Also the off-line estimation of the LV volume was performed by the method of disc, after manually tracing the endocardial border on the apical 4 chamber view. RESULTS: 44 patients(69%) of 64 patients had > or =75% of the LV endocardium visualized. LVEDV, LVESV, and Ef with the ABD system were highly correlated with those with the off-line, manually traced method(r=0.95, 0.8, respectively), but LVEDV and EF with toe ABD system were significantly less than those with the latter(p<0.01). The limits of agreement between tow methods(off-line, manually traced method-ABD system) were somewhat wide. Those of LVEDV, LVESV and EF were +22~-10ml(mean 6ml), +15~-14ml(mean 0.1ml), and +19~-12%(mean 3.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: LVEDV,LVESV, and EF measurements by the ABD system and the off-line manually traced methods thve a strong correlation, The ABD system should habe clinical applications in setting, in which measurements of LV volume and Ef are important, But, the comparison with a more reliable method is necessary.
Adult ; Compensation and Redress ; Echocardiography* ; Endocardium ; Humans ; Toes ; Transducers

No abstract available.
Epidemiologic Studies* ; Mumps*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in children, which is a kind of nephrotic syndrome showing steroid resistance, usually progresses to a substantial number of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Although the pathogenesis of primary FSGS is unclear, several recent studies have reported that FSGS is associated with circulating immune factors such as soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) or anti-CD40 autoantibody. We report a successfully treated case of a 19-year-old female patient who experienced a recurrence of primary FSGS. After the diagnosis of FSGS, the patient progressed to ESRD and received a kidney transplantation (KT). Three days later, recurrence was suspected through proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. She has been performed plasmapheresis and high dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy and shown remission status without increasing proteinuria for four years after KT. In conclusion, strong immunosuppressive therapy may be helpful for a good prognosis of recurrent FSGS, suppressing several immunologic circulating factors related disease pathogenesis.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Immunologic Factors ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Methylprednisolone* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Plasmapheresis* ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although LIN28A is known to potentially play a role in the oncogenesis of various cancers, whether LIN28A expression is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer has not been fully explored. We sought to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics according to the expression of LIN28A in numerous gastric cancer tissue samples. METHODS: LIN28A expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of a tissue microarray comprising 288 gastric cancer tissues and 288 adjacent normal tissues. Clinicopathological characteristics, including overall survival, were compared according to LIN28A expression. RESULTS: The IHC staining score was lower for the cancer tissues than the normal tissues (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the clinicopathological characteristics between the low and high LIN28A expression groups. In addition, the 5-year overall survival rate did not differ between the two groups: 75.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.3% to 81.7%) versus 71.6% (95% CI, 63.3% to 80.9%) for low versus high expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of LIN28A did not appear to play a distinct role in predicting the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer. In addition, LIN28A expression was not an independently associated factor for overall survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Carcinogenesis ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: To ensure patient safety and improvements in the quality of hospital care, rapid response teams (RRTs) have been implemented in many countries, including Korea. The goal of an RRT is early identification and response to clinical deterioration in patients. However, there are differences in RRT systems among hospitals and limited data are available. METHODS: In Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the St. Mary's Advanced Life Support Team was implemented in June 2013. We retrospectively reviewed the RRT activation records of 287 cases from June 2013 to December 2016. RESULTS: The median response time and median modified early warning score were 8.6 minutes (interquartile range, 5.6 to 11.6 minutes) and 5.0 points (interquartile range, 4.0 to 7.0 points), respectively. Residents (35.8%) and nurses (59.1%) were the main activators of the RRT. Interestingly, postoperative patients account for a large percentage of the RRT activation cases (69.3%). The survival rate was 83.6% and survival was mainly associated with malignancy, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, and the time from admission to RRT activation. RRT activation with screening showed a better outcome compared to activation via a phone call in terms of the intensive care unit admission rate and length of hospital stay after RRT activation. CONCLUSIONS: Malignancy was the most important factor related to survival. In addition, RRT activation with patient screening showed a better outcome compared to activation via a phone call. Further studies are needed to determine the effective screening criteria and improve the quality of the RRT system.
Epidemiology* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mass Screening ; Patient Safety ; Physiology ; Reaction Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The American Society for Apheresis provides clinical guidelines for therapeutic apheresis in adults, but there are no guidelines for children. This study aimed to analyze the effect of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in pediatric patients with various kidney diseases in Korea. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 16 children (up to 18 years of age) who were admitted to Severance Children's Hospital with refractory kidney disease. All patients received TPE between 1994 and 2016. Clinical and laboratory characteristics such as age, weight, sex, change in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine level before and after TPE, and complications after TPE were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age and weight of the 16 patients at the time of TPE was 11.3±4.0 years and 34.6±17.5 kg, respectively. The BUN level was 35.4 mg/dL before TPE and significantly decreased to 21.5 mg/dL (P=0.025) at 1 week and 20.5 mg/dL (P=0.01) at 1 month after TPE. The creatinine level significantly decreased from 1.20 mg/dL before TPE to 0.90 mg/dL (P=0.02) at 1 week after TPE. Four complications (hypovolemia, anemia, hypocalcemia, and thrombocytopenia) were reported, but were not fatal. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that TPE is an effective therapeutic modality in children with refractory kidney disease and can be indicated for the treatment of various kidney diseases.
Adult ; Anemia ; Blood Component Removal ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Child ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Kidney Diseases* ; Kidney* ; Korea* ; Pediatrics ; Plasma Exchange* ; Plasma* ; Retrospective Studies