No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Holoprosencephaly*

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Risk Factors* ; Spirometry*

Benign and malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast may be difficult to distinguish in both cytologic and histologic preparations. To define the cytologic features of benign and malignant papillary lesions, we retrospectively reviewed 18 cases of fine needle aspirates from histologically confirmed cases of papilloma or papillary carcinoma of the breast. This study included 3 intraductal papillary carcinomas, 3 invasive papillary carcinomas, and 12 intraductal papillomas. All cases were evaluated for presence or absence of papillary fragments, bloody background, apocrine metaplasia, macrophages, and degree of cellularity, atypia, and single isolated columnar epithelial cells. Papillary fragments were present in all cases. The background of the smear was bloody in all 6 carcinomas, but in only 7 out of 12 papillomas. Markedly increased cellularity was present in 4 carcinomas (67%) and 7 papillomas (58%). Single cells were present in 5 carcinomas (83%) and 8 papillomas (67%). The majority of papillomas and papillary carcinomas had mild to moderate atypia, and severe atypia was noted in one case of intraductal papillary carcinoma and one case of invasive papillary carcinoma. Apocrine metaplasia was absent in all cases of papillary carcinomas, but present in 8 papillomas (67%). Macrophages were noted in 4 carcinomas and were present in all cases of papillomas. The constellation of severe atypia, bloody background, absence of apocrine metaplasia and/or macrophages were features to favor carcinoma. Malignant lesions tended to show higher cellularity and more single isolated cells. The cytologic features mentioned above would be helpful to distinguish benign from malignant papillary lesions of the breast. However, because of overlapping of cytologic features, surgical excision should be warranted in all cases of papillary lesions of the breast to further characterize the tumor
Breast ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Central Nervous System* ; Cyclosporine* ; Epithelial Cells ; Macrophages ; Metaplasia ; Needles ; Papilloma ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore the variation in perceptions about problem-based learning(PBL) according to the level of academic achievement and learning attitude in the nursing students of a junior college (3-year program). METHOD: Students (n=39) learned the respiratory and cardiac system with seven PBL packages and group-based learning for a semester in 2002. Students were asked to write reflective journals that focused on their learning perception after an experience with each learning package. A total of 208 journals were used for analysis. RESULT: Students positively perceived that PBL making them increase their sense of responsibility for learning and felt satisfaction with the learning process, and had a confidence in the use of clinical nursing interventions. On the other hand, they negatively perceived that PBL was a burden because it took more time than traditional learning tasks, and they experienced an anxiety about regular tests and felt conflicts and diffidences in the learning process. The negative perceptions were expressed more often from students with a low academic achievement and low learning attitude compared to others. CONCLUSION: Students perceived the PBL as effective in understanding the learning concepts in the clinical practice environment. PBL need to be supplemented by feedback-based lecture and facilitative strategies for academically low-achieved students.
Students, Nursing/*psychology ; *Problem-Based Learning ; Humans ; Female ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; *Attitude ; Adult

This study has been conducted for the purpose of identifying the levels of knowledge and attitude about dementia, and exploring the degrees of practice and the relationship among these variables in nursing assistants caring institutionalized demented elders. The subjects were 87 formal caregivers from 3 dementia-specialized nursing facilities, 2 dementia-specialized hospitals, 1 general psychiatric hospitals, and 3 general nursing homes. The data were gathered from July 10th to August 5th, 1998 through interviews by questionnaires. The measuring instruments of this study were developed by the researcher and proven for their reliability and validity. The collected data were analyzed using SAS program. 1) The lowest score among 6 sub-areas about practice showed on this subarea of maintenance of remained ADL function, offering stimuli and activities to demented elders was the second. 2) The third hypothesis of "the higher the attitude score they have, the higher the practice score they do" was supported (r=.370, p=.025). 3) The influencing factors significantly on knowledge were educational status, learning experience about taking care of patients, learning experience about dementia during last a year. 4) A factor of the period of taking care demented elders have significantly influenced on the attitude about dementia. 5) The influencing factors significantly on practice were age, marital status, learning experience about taking care of patients, learning experience about dementia during the last a year. 6) The most difficult situation the subjects perceived in taking care of demented elders was managing the aggressive and resistive behaviors of demented elders.
Activities of Daily Living ; Caregivers ; Dementia* ; Educational Status ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Learning ; Marital Status ; Nursing Homes ; Nursing* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The myocardial infarction is usually associated with the coronary artery disease in adults. It is unusual in chilhood and young adult but occasionally associated with coronary vasculitis. Takayasu's arteritis produces a panaortits with thickening of the adventitia and narrowing of aorta. Narrowing of coronary arteries is due to extension into these arteries of the processes of inflammation that occur in aorta. We report here two cases of Takayasu's aortitis causing acute myocardial infarction. Case 1 is a 17-year-old girl presented with the inferior myocardial infarction and the cerebral infarction. Digital subtraction aortography showed a diffuse narrowing of the aorta and the obstruction of both subclavian arteritis, right carotid artery and both femoral arteries. Case 2 is a 19-year-old male patient with anterior myocardial infarction. Coronary cineangiogram showed the beak like appearance of the left main coronay artery.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Adventitia ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aortitis* ; Aortography ; Arteries ; Arteritis ; Beak ; Carotid Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Inflammation ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Takayasu Arteritis ; Vasculitis ; Young Adult

Since the introduction of percutaneous mitral valvotomy(PMV) in 1984, PMV was an effecive alternative to surgical commissurotomy in selected patients with severe mitral stenosis. Also PMV was an excellent palliative strategy in such patients who were high risk for operative management or longterm anticoagulation was not feasible. We performed PMV in a patient with very tight mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension under the general anesthesia because the patient was anticipated to be uncooperative due to mental problem, who was diagnosed as schizophrenia 16 years ago. Robinol was used for premedication and i.v fentanyl was used for maintenance of anesthesia. Inoue balloon was introduced into the LV and gradual ballooning was performed with favorable results. Total anesthesia time and interval from internal jugular vein puncture to the completion of valvuloplasty were 1 hour 45 min and 40 minutes respectively. Hemodynamic variables were improved immediately after intervention and mitral valve area was increased from 0.5cm2 to 1.3cm2.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Fentanyl ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Jugular Veins ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Premedication ; Punctures ; Schizophrenia*

Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty(PMV) was comparable to surgical commissurotomy in initial and long term follow-up results in selected patients with symptomatic severe mitral stenosis. Transseptal puncture was necessary for antegrade introduction of balloon. In patient with kyphoscoliosis, PMV was relatively contraindicatied due to difficulty and risk of septal puncture. We performed the PMV in a patient with kyphoscoliosis and severe mitral stenosis. The patient was presented with NYHA class III. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed mitral valve area of 0.8cm2 and mean diastolic pressure gradient of 12mmHg. X-ray film of T-L spine showed severe kyphoscoliosis. Transseptal puncture was possible with modification of angle of Brockenbrough needle at the site of 15cm from the needle tip. After transseptal puncture, Inoue balloon was introduced into the LV and gradual ballooning was performed with optimal results. Hemodynamic variable were improved immediately after intervention and mitral valve area was increased from 0.7cm2 to 1.8cm2. Patient was discharged with NYHA class I.
Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Needles ; Punctures ; Spine ; X-Ray Film