Ketoconazole is one of the broad-spectrum oral antimycotic agents recently developed from imidazole derivatives. Authors performed multicenter trials to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ketoconazole in superficial fungal diseases. One hundred and eighty-four patients with superficial fungaI diseases were included in this study during 7 months from April to October, 1983 Patiets were treated with oral administration of 200 mg of ketoconazole(Nizoral) once a day for 4 weeks.-countinue-
Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Ketoconazole*

Ketoconazole ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic

In vitro release and fungicidal effect of Ketoconazol from different ointment base at 2% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass cellophane membrane was as follow: Emulel > PEG ointments > emulsified ointment > carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel. The bank order of the fungicidal effect in vitro was as follow: emulgel and emulsified ointment > hydrophilic ointment
Ketoconazole ; Imidazoles ; therapeutics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

In vitro sensitivity of T. mentagrophytes against antifungal agents was investigated. The 20 strains of T. mentagrophytes were tested. They were 5 strains of granilar form, 5 of powdery form, 5 of persicolor form, and 5 of downy for m. The tested antifungal agents were griseofulvin, ket,oconazole and it,raconazole. The results were as follows : 1. Minimal inhibitory concintration(MIC) of antifungal agents against, T. mentagrophytes : MIC of griseofulvin was 3.13-25 ug/ml, the highest level, that of ketoconazole was 0.05-12 ug/ml, and that of itraconazole was 0.025 6.25 ug/ml, the lowest one. 2. MIC of antifungal agents against T. mentagrophytes strains. MlC of griseofulvin was 12-25 ug/ml on granular form and 3.13-25 ug/ml on the other forms. MIC of ketoconazole was 0.39-12 ug/ml on granular form, 0,05 0.78 ug/ml on powdery form, 0.05 12 ug/ml on persicolor form, and 0.1-12 ug/ml on downy form. MIC of itraconazole was 0.39-6.25 ug/ml on granular form, 0.05-0.39 ug/ml on powdevy form, 0.025-0.05 ug/ml on persicolor form, and 0.05-0.1 ug/ml on downy form. Granular form showed the highest level of MIC among antifungal agents. These findings suggesed that, itraconazole was the most arctive drug against T. mentagrophytes and the pranular form showed the lowest, sensirivity against antifungal agents.
Antifungal Agents* ; Griseofulvin ; Itraconazole ; Ketoconazole ; Trichophyton*

Neonatal Malassezia pustulosis can be defined as pustules on face and neck, age at onset, younger than 1 month, isolation of Malassezia by direct microscopy in pustular material, elimination of other causes of neonatal pustuloses, and response to topical ketoconazole therapy. We report a case of neonatal Malassezia pustulosis in a 20-day-old male. Direct microscopic examination on smears for pustules showed forms of Malassezia yeasts and culture yielded Malassezia sympodialis. The lesions were remarkably improved by topical ketoconazole cream for 14 days.
Humans ; Ketoconazole ; Malassezia* ; Male ; Microscopy ; Neck ; Yeasts

In this study, we present the results obtained in an in vitro dissolution test and in vivo bioavailability study of some ketoconazol preparations (Ketoconazol – Traphaco, Vietnam and Nizoral – Janssen, Belgium). Rabbit plasma ketoconazol concentrations were measured by reverse phase HPLC, UV detection at 244 nm. Ketoconazol percentage released from the preparations was automatically measured using a paddle type dissolution tester with a Beckman spectrophotometer. The obtained results showed that there was no remarkable difference in bioavailability and dissolution between the two preparations (Ketoconazol – Traphaco and Nizoral - Janssen)
Ketoconazole ; Imidazoles ; tablets ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics

Candida albicans keratitis was established in rabbits by intrastromal injection of a suspension containing 1.2 X 10(4) spores. After a 48-hour incubation period, the animals were treated with oral ketoconazole(10mg/kg daily) alone and in combination with topical ketoconazole(2% solution ten times a day) for 2 weeks. Clinical scores were significantly lower in both treated groups than in the control group. But there was no significant difference between the two treated groups.
Animals ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Keratitis* ; Ketoconazole* ; Rabbits* ; Spores

For the thirty years till 1990, griseofulvin and ketoconazole had been the only available oral antifungal agents. These drugs have not been used widely due to their many drawbacks such as low therapeutic efficacy, long duration of treatment and serious side effects. Nowadays, the newer oral antifungal agents, itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole are used widely because of the improved therapeutic efficacy and an acceptable adverse effects profile. But, there is a spectrum of adverse effects and drug interactions for the these newer oral antifungal agents. In terms of the safety of these newer oral antifungal agents, I think that a little concerns of the dermatologists can reduce the possible adverse effects and the various drug interactions.
Antifungal Agents* ; Drug Interactions ; Fluconazole ; Griseofulvin ; Itraconazole ; Ketoconazole

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered ketoconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis. Thirteen patients with onychomycoiis were selected for this study. For evaluation of ketoconazole efficacy twelve patients received a 200 mg tablet of ketoconazole daily and one patient received a. 10() mg tablet of ketoconazole daily. All patients were studied monthly clinically and mycologically by KOH mount and culture on Sabourauds medium. The results were as follows: 1. Seven(53.8%) of thirteen cases achieved remission, marked improvement occurred in three cases(23.1%) and moderate improvement occurred in three cases (23. 1 %). 2. The mean duration of remission or clinical improvement was 5 months for all lesions and toenail lesions(5. 4 months) took longer to heal than finger nail lesions (4 months). 3. One hundred percent of patient who previously failed to respond to griseofulvin were cured or clinically improved by ketoconazole. 4. Two patients cornplained of indigestion and one of headache. In our study, ketoconazole was highly effective in the treatment of onychomycosis.
Dyspepsia ; Fingers ; Griseofulvin ; Headache ; Humans ; Ketoconazole* ; Nails ; Onychomycosis*

The important prerequisite for treatrnent of onychomycosis is the removal of as rnuch fungus-infected nail material as possible. Nincty-five patients with anychomycosis were treated with using urea preparations under occlusive dressings. The urea preparations were quite successful in maceraing the nail plate from the nail bed, allowing the easy removaI of diseased nails in all cases except one. The urea preparations removed only abnormal nail. Completely normal nail was unaffected. After nail avulsion, 95 patients were treated for 6 months with combination clotrimazole and ketoconazcile(group A), or with clotrimazole only(group B). Of the 38 patients in group A who complcted the treatment, 25(65.8%) were cured 6 months later by clinical and mycological criteria, compared to 20(47.6%) of 42 patieries in group B.
Clotrimazole ; Humans ; Ketoconazole ; Nails, Malformed ; Occlusive Dressings ; Onychomycosis* ; Urea