The diameter of the mitral orifice was measured in 122 cases of rheumatic mitral stenosis when commissurotomy was performed. In 99 cases(81.25%) with a history shorter than 10 years, the diameters ranged from 0.3 to 2 cm; it was larger than 1.1 cm. in 18 cases and smaller than 0.8 cm. in 68 cases.After analyzing the interrelationship between the diameter of the mitral orifice and the clinical manifestations, ECG, the postoperative complications, and the pathological findings, it was found that the size of the mitral orifice was not always in direct proportion with either the duration of the illness or the severity of cardiac enlargement. In those patients with a mitral orifice smaller than 0.8 cm., the following criteria were often present:1. Cardiac function above Ⅲ degree.2. Repeated attacks of hemoptysis.3. Presystolic contraction on ECG.4. Postoperative complication of auricular fibrillation.5. Thrombosis on the cardiac walls detected pathologically.

Compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can improve the survival rate of patients with cardiac arrest, and reduce the risk of reperfusion injury. However, it is still difficult to avoid the risk of secondary brain damage. Low temperature management has good neuroprotective potential for ECPR patients, which minimizes brain damage. However, unlike CCPR, ECPR has no clear prognostic indicator. The relationship between ECPR combined with hypothermia management-related treatment measure and neurological prognosis is not clear. This article reviews the effect of ECPR combined with different therapeutic hypothermia on brain protection and provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of neurological injury in patients with ECPR.
Humans ; Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Brain Injuries ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Heart Arrest