control group,and showed statistically significant difference among three groups(P0.05).Conclusion Excessive fluorine intake may cause unbalanced free radical metabolism.It suggests that the intervention on fluorine intake will contribute to resume the balance of oxidation.

Objective To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of exon3 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ?4 subunit (CHRNA4) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease(SAD).Methods In 23 SAD patients and 30 people of normal control, exon3 of CHRNA4 was screened by PCR-DGGE and DNA sequencing.Results Three new genetic polymorphisms were found in the exon3 of CHRNA4: C104T, A136G, G169A.The frequnces of these three genes in SAD group were 35%,46%,61% respectively and in control group were 13%,13%,33% respectively. There were significant difference between two groups (all P

0.05). Conclusion Two new polymorphic sites were found in CHRNA7 gene.There were not associated in pathsgenesis of SAD.

Poststroke cognitive impairment includes poststroke non-dementia cognitive impairment and poststroke dementia, which is a cognitive dysfunction caused by the vascular factors, neural degeneration or mixed factors. Although the concept of poststroke cognitive impairment has not been generally accepted, it is worth further investigation, This article introduces the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and prevention and treatment measures of poststroke cognitive impairment.

The guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association in 2013 recommend antiplatelet therapy with aspirin alone,but did not recommend other antiplatelet agents and the combination of a variety of antiplatelet drugs.However,since 2013,a great deal of published literature has shown that dual antiplatelet agents are superior to single antiplatelet agent in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.In addition,they evaluated the safety of the treatment of dual antiplatelet therapy.

Objective To analyze the colistin heteroresistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and their in vitro susceptibility to antibiotics used in combination.Methods Two hundred and ninety-seven carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were selected for this study.Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of colistin and other antimicrobials against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.The colistin heterogeneity of 20 colistin sensitive strains was analyzed by using population analysis profiles.The time-kill curves of 3 randomly selected colistin heteroresistant strains were used to determine the bacteriostatic activity of colistin.Chequer-board method was used to measure the combination efficacy of colistin with other antimicrobials including imipenem,meropenem,biapenem,ceftazidime,levofloxcin,piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam.Results The colistin sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains accounted for 99.66％ of the 297 isolates.Population analysis profiles displayed that 35％ of the 20 isolates were colistin heteroresistant and 20％ of the 20 isolates were heterogeneous.It showed that when colistin was used in combination with other drugs,they mainly had synergistic and additive effects on heteroresistant isolates,but additive and indifferent effects on non-heterogeneous isolates.Conclusion Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly susceptible to colistin,but heteroresistant and heterogeneous strains were common.The efficacy of colistin against heteroresistant isolates could be enhanced by using in combination with other drugs.

Objective To explore the correlation between myeloperoxidase (MPO) genetic variation and coal-burning endemic fluorosis, and to understand the influence of integrated intervention including stove changes and health education on people’s health in the area. Methods In 2007, coal-burning endemic fluorosis disease areas were selected in Bijie City, Guizhou Province. No stove changes in Yachi Town, 150 patients with dental fluorosis were selected as fluorosis non-intervention group, and the intervention group was 150 patients in Changchun Town where the stoves were changed 2 years ago. The population in control group was selected in an area with non-endemic fluorosis in Changshun County. The mRNA expressions of MPO in leukoxytes were detected by real-time PCR. HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: pGL3-A group, pGL3-G group, pGL3-Control group and pGL3-Basic group. pGL3-A and pGL3-G were recombinant plasmid, while pGL3-Basic as a blank control and pGL3-Control as a positive one. The internal reference plasmid pRL-TK co-transfected the HepG2 cells with pGL3-G, pGL3-A, pGL3-Basic and pGL3-Control, respectively. The influence of sudden change of MPO gene promoter on the gene transfection activity was evaluated by a dual luciferasereporter gene system. Results The expression level of MPO mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes in non-intervention group(0.054 ± 0 . 003 ) were higher than control and intervention groups (0.019 ± 0.004,0.019 ± 0.003, all P<0.05), and no significant change was found between intervention group and control group(P>0.05). After the MPO-463G/A locus genetic variation occured, the luciferase reporter gene expression level of the recombinant plasmid pGL3-G(0.753 4 ± 0.086 6) was higher than that of the pGL3-A(0.490 0 ± 0.022 3, P < 0.05). Conclusions The study on MPO gene promoter-463G/A locus has prompted that MPO gene allele may be a protective factor to coal-burning fluorosis. The integrated interventions have a role in the prevention and treatment of endemic fluorosis.

Objective To compare the antibacterial activity in vitro of Haizhengmeite and Mepem. Methods Four hundreds and eighteen bacteria isolated were collected from clinical settings in different area,including 104 strains of Escherichia coli(52 strains of ESBLs +and 52 strains of ESBLs -), 104 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia(52 strains of ESBLs +and 52 strains of ESBLs -),56 strains of Proteus spp. (28 strains of ESBLs +and 28 strains of ESBLs -), 52 strains of other Enterobacteriaceae, 51 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii and 51 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Two pharmaceutical products of meropenem injection were Mepem from Japan Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd and Haizhengmeite from Zhejiang Haizheng Pfizer pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd in China, respectively.Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of two products of meropenem were determined by broth microdilution method and agar dilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI,2016).Results The sensitive rates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus spp.to Haizhengmeite and Mepem were >85%,while the rates of the sensitivity to Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were lower,with the rates of 33.3%,31.4% and 58.8%,52.9%,respectively.Conclusions Haizhengmeite and Mepem both show good antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae, but lower activity against Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Both products are stable to ESBLs,and no significant difference is observed between the two products in antibacterial activity in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) among the Han, Buyi and Miao populations in Guizhou and to provide genetic data for establishment of the genetic polymorphism bank of Guizhou Minorities.

METHODSThe technique of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotype and allele frequencies at two mononucleotide sites (677 and 1298) of MTHFR among the Han population in Libo county, the Buyi population in Libo county and the Miao population in Leishan county.

RESULTSAt the site of 677, the T allele frequencies were found to be 22.8%, 16.1%, 10.6%, for the Han, Buyi, Miao populations respectively. At the site of 1298, the C allele frequencies were 28.9%, 39.1%, 48.7% for the Han, Buyi, Miao populations respectively. The frequencies for the combined heterozygote of 677CT/1298AC were 16.66%, 22.7%, 11.1% for the three populations respectively. Moreover, one case with combined homozygote of 677TT/1298CC was seen in the Miao population.

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphisms of the two mononucleotide sites (677 and 1298) of MTHFR are diverse in different populations. The C allele frequencies at the site of MTHFR 1298 of the Miao population in Leishan county and the Buyi population in Libo county are high, and the C allele frequency in the Miao population is higher than those hitherto reported in literature.

Base Sequence ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To differentiate between pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and adenocarcinoma by radiomics, and then evaluate the diagnostic value of this novel approach. Methods We retrospectively analyzed CT images of pulmonary MALT lymphoma (n=16) and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (n=41) and all these cases were confirmed by pathology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2012 to June 2017. After we delineated the lesions as region of interest (ROI), sixty-one radiomics features were extracted from each individual's CT images by Radcloud 1.0. All cases in each group were randomly divided into training set (70％cases) and testing set(30％cases), with 7 features (Wilcoxon test) of which showed group differences and were used to train and validate a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results Seven of 61 radiomics features showed differences between the two groups, i.e. 10th percentile, mean, median, minimum, total energy, run length non uniformity, gray level non uniformity. Using these 7 features, the resulted SVM successfully differentiated two diseases. The SVM showed high performance with 90％precision, recall 0.89, F1-score 0.87, ROC 0.75. Conclusions Pulmonary MALT and adenocarcinoma differ in radiomics features and machine learning can utilize these features to differentiate between pulmonary MALT and adenocarcinoma. Combination of radiomics and machine learning is promising in the differential diagnosis of these two diseases.