Retinal macrophages and (or) microglial cells play important roles in regulating inflammation,angiogenesis and tissue repairing,thus affect the development and prognosis of ischemic retinal disease,ocular immune diseases and ocular tumors.Reversing the polarization imbalance of these cells may provide new therapeutic strategies for ischemic retinal disease and ocular immune diseases.The duality of the polarization direction of these cells is still controversial in the inflammatory reaction and pathological angiogenesis of ischemic retinal disease.Meanwhile,the plasticity and diversity of the function need to be further studied and discussed.

Objective To clone and express the Tp0453 antigen immuno-dominant epitope fragment of Treponema pallidum (Tp) in Escherichia coli,in an effort to develop serological tests with increased specificity for the diagnosis of syphilis.Methods The gene encoding Tp0453 recombinant outer membrane protein fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and inserted into expression vector pQE30 after T-A cloning,then confirmed by restriction map.The constructed recombinant plasmid pQE30-Tp0453 was transformed to E.coli M15 for expression induced by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside.The expressed product was identified by Western blot,and purified by Ni2+-NTA agarose column chromatography.A double antigen sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was established by using the recombinant Tp0453 protein to test sera from 48 patients with positive Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA),and 40 negative sera as control.Results The PCR amplicon of the target gene was about 490 bp.The recombinant plasmid pQE30-Tp0453 was correctly constructed and successfully expressed in E.coli M15.The expressed product,with a relative molecular of about 21 000,existed in a form of inclusion body,accounting for about 18％ of total somatic protein,and reached a purity of more than 95％ after purification.Western blot showed specific reaction of the expressed protein with Tp positive serum.The ELISA tests with the 88 clinical samples yielded a sensitivity of 97.9％ (47/48),and specificity of 100.0 ％ (40/40).The consistency of results between the ELISA test and the TPPA test was 98.9 ％ (87/88).Conclusion The expressed Tp0453 fragment has showed good immunoreactivity with serum from patients with syphilis,providing the foundation of further development of serological diagnostic kit with increased specificity for the diagnosis of TP infection.

Blood and lymphatic vessels are absent from the normal cornea.Pathological stimulation such as corneal in-fection,chemical burns and transplantation rejection can disrupt the balance between pro-and anti-lymphangiogenesis fac-tors,causing lymphatic vessels to extend from the corneal limbus to the central cornea.Corneal lymphangiogenesis is closely related to various regulatory factors and cellular signaling pathways.Further study and elucidation of the mechanism of corneal lymphangiogenesis will open up new directions for treating corneal transplantation rejection,inflammatory disea-ses,dry eyes and tumor metastasis.This review concludes the endogenous regulatory factors of corneal lymphangiogenesis and therapeutic strategies for its related ocular surface diseases.

Objective: To investigate the effect of intestinal flora in children with functional constipation (FC) on expression of acid-sensitive Ion channel 3(ASIC3) in rats and their regulation in intestinal motility. Methods: Faeces of FC children identified according to RomeⅣ criteria and healthy children from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from December 2017 to June 2018 were collected, and then made into fecal microbiota solution.A pseudo - sterile rat model was established, according to the random number table method, and the rats were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, with 12 rats in each group, then the treatment group was given fecal microbiota solution of the children with FC and the control group was given fecal microbiota solution of the healthy children.The visceral sensitivity and intestinal propulsion rate of rats were determined by means of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), while the intestinal microorganism of rats and children with FC were determined by 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing, and the expressions of ASIC3 of intestinal in mRNA and protein were determined by adopting fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results: The species and quantity of intestinal flora of the children with FC and rats implanted with FC faecal bacteria were reduced(all P<0.05), and firmicutes and bacteroidetes were the main bacteria; compared to the control group, the small intestine propulsion rate(52% vs.74%) and visceral sensitivity(78 mmHg vs.63 mmHg) of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (all P<0.05); the mRNA (0.003 1±0.000 8 vs.0.012 4±0.002 5) and protein levels of ASIC3 (0.013 2±0.001 9 vs.0.072 1±0.008 7) in the small intestine were down-regulated significantly(all P<0.05); and the mRNA (0.002 8±0.000 7 vs.0.009 4±0.001 1) and protein levels of ASIC3(0.038 2±0.004 5 vs.0.089 7±0.009 4) in the colon were down-regulated significantly(all P<0.05). Conclusions Children with FC have intestinal flora disorder, and intestinal flora of FC children may affect intestinal motility by down-regulating the expression of intestinal ASIC3 in rats.

Objective:To investigate the changes in coronal spino-pelvis alignment in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and effects of total hip arthroplasty on it.Methods:This study included 48 patients (6 males and 42 females) with DDH who underwent total hip arthroplasty from January 2009 to December 2019 at the Department of Orthopaedics, the PLA General Hospital. The average age of patients was 42.81±10.42 years (range, 22 to 61 years), whose follow-up time was 10.31±2.62 months (range, 3 to 18 months). Eleven cases underwent bilateral hip replacements and 37 cases underwent unilateral hip replacements, which included 13 hips in Crowe I, 7 hips in II, 4 hips in III, 35 hips in IV. The coronal spino-pelvic parameters were measured with all patients, including Cobb angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), sacral obliquity (SO), iliac obliquity (IO), hip obliquity (HO), L 5 obliquity (L 5O) and leg length. Results:The interobserver reliability of IO, SO, HO and L 5O in patients with DDH was 0.965, 0.875, 0.912 and 0.934. The interobserver reliability of IO, SO, HO and L 5O was 0.887, 0.889, 0.892 and 0.907. Thirty-three patients diagnosed with DDH had leg length discrepancy, which the incidence was 69% (33/48). The incidence of scoliosis of patients was 58% (28/48). The incidence of pelvic obliquity was 96% (46/48). The preoperative IO was 6.71°±4.62° and the postoperative IO was 3.52°±3.14°, the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.81, P<0.001). The preoperative SO was 6.38°±5.48° and the postoperative SO was 3.72°±3.38°, the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.91, P<0.001). The preoperative HO was 5.32°±5.83° and the postoperative HO was 3.71°±3.62°, the difference had not statistically significant ( t=1.85, P=0.071). The preoperative L 5O was 6.12°±5.46° and the postoperative L 5O was 4.33°±4.71°, the difference had statistically significant ( t=2.15, P=0.037). The preoperative Cobb angle was 11.05°±10.76° and the postoperative Cobb angle was 6.82°±7.76°, which had a statistically difference ( t=4.07, P=0.001). There is no significant difference of preoperative CBD and postoperative CBD, which was 14.22±10.64 mm vs. 13.73±12.58 mm ( t=0.24, P=0.821). Cobb angle was positively correlated with SO and IO ( r=0.61, P<0.001; r=0.57, P<0.001). Conclusion:Causes coronal pelvic obliquity in patients with DDH included leg length discrepancy and hip dislocation. Coronal pelvic obliquity can lead to compensatory scoliosis, which alters the overall coronal spino-pelvic alignment of patients with DDH. However, they can still maintain coronal balance. Total hip arthroplasty could improve the degree of coronal pelvic obliquity significantly and compensatory scoliosis in patients with DDH.

Based on the neurovascular unit(NVU), neurovascular coupling functions as a barrier to maintain the homeostasis of the microenvironment by regulating the signaling and metabolic activity of nerve cells and capillaries. Widely dispersed across the retina, the NVU is essential to preserving its normal physiological function. A disturbance in retinal neurovascular homeostasis produced by a range of factors can result in a variety of retinal disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR), glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa(RP)and age-related macular degeneration(ARMD). The retina also has a widespread distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), which functions to promote neuron growth and repair damage by binding to its receptor TrkB. In recent years, BDNF was found to play a protective role against damage in the early stage of retinal neurovascular homeostasis imbalance, often known as the neurodegenerative stage. It also helps to reduce the production of pro-angiogenic substances of neurological origin and offers a fresh approach for the early detection and treatment of associated eye disorders.

Heat shock protein A9 (HSPA9), a member of the heat shock protein family, is a putative receptor for Tembusu virus (TMUV). By using Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation assays, E protein domains I and II were identified as the functional domains that facilitate HSPA9 binding. Twenty-five overlapping peptides covering domain I and domain II sequences were synthesized and analyzed by using an HSPA9 binding assay. Two peptides showed the capability of binding to HSPA9. Dot blot assay of truncated peptides indicated that amino acid residues 19 to 22 and 245 to 252 of E protein constitute the minimal motifs required for TMUV binding to HSPA9. Importantly, peptides harboring those two minimal motifs could effectively inhibit TMUV infection. Our results provide insight into TMUV-receptor interaction, thereby creating opportunities for elucidating the mechanism of TMUV entry.
Blotting, Western ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Peptides ; Protein Structure, Tertiary

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the acquired intestinal inflammatory disease in neonate, with a high mortality rate.The morbidity and mortality rate of NEC remain at high level although recognition for NEC has been improved in last decades.Understanding of this disease has been furthered in latest years.The research advance of NEC is reviewed in present which is focus on the diagnosis and medical treatment to provide new evidence for further study.