The mode of connection of the ventral extremity of the tenth rib fails into two different categories, the floating and the costomarginal, as demonstrated by our studies on 100 consecutive Chinese adult cadavers (50 male, 50 female). Each category again consists of two varieties, i. e., the muscular and stripe types in the floating pattern and the fibrous and articular types in the costo-marginal pattern.The floating pattern occurs bilaterally in 72 cases (72.0?4.49％; 31 male, 41 female) and unilaterally in 12 cases (12.0?3.25％, 10 male, 2 female). It thus shows significantly greater frequencies than the costo-marginal pattern on either side, being more frequent in female cases. In those tenth ribs with anterior end not exceeding the anterior axillary line, the floating pattern amounts to 91.52％. It is also found that in the female the anterior ends of the bilaterally floating tenth ribs generally do not reach the anterior axillary line, and again in this pattern, those with the twelfth rib not palpable to the lateral border of the m. erector spinae arrive at 35.41％. The sternal (manubrium-body) length in the female bilaterally floating pattern has significant differences statistically between those with the twelfth ribs palpable and those without.The costo-marginal pattern accounts for 16 cases (16.0?3.67％; 9 male, 7 female) bilaterally and 12 cases (12.0?3.25％; 10 male, 2 female) unilaterally. The great majority is of the fibrous type, except two sides (1 male, 1 female) being the articular one. Most of the costo-marginal tenth rib have their anterior ends extending beyond the anterior axillary line; furthermore, the twelfth rib may always be touched to the lateral border of the m. erector spinae in this pattern.It is our opinion that the floating pattern may be treated as the normal mode of connection, its occurrence can be rooted to the phylogenetic and ontogenetic backgrounds as well as to the respiratory movements.

A general and three dimensional survey about the location of foramen ovale, foramen spinosum and sphenoidal emissary foramen on both sides of norma basilaris of the fossa cranialis media has been made in 100 male adult skulls collected from Shanghai region, and the following conclusions are arrived:1. The foramen ovale which is located in line with the base of lateral pterygoid plate accounts for 39.5?3.46% of cases observed, and those medial and lateral to it, accounts for 57.0?3.50% and 3.50?1.30% respectively. In this respect, the skulls can be classified into two main types and eight subtypes.2. The distance from Foramen ovale to Foramen spinosum measures 3.28?0.09 mm, and from Foramen ovale to sphenoidal emissary foramen 2.23?0.11 mm.3. The frequency of occurrence of the sphenoidal emissary foramen is 42.5% in 200 sides (40% to the left and 45% to the right), and in 28% of the 100 skulls this foramen occurs bilaterally.4. The long diameter of foramen ovale ranges from 3.8 to 12.0 mm, with 7.21?0.08 mm as the average, side difference is not significant statistically in the 4 major subtypes. The angle between this same long diameter and the sagittal plane running through theintermaxillary suture varies from 39? to 85?, with a mean of 55.08??0.61?; and again, no significant side-difference can be found.The average width of foramen ovale is 3.85?0.05 mm (2.3～6.5 mm); and significant side-difference exists between types Ⅰ_A and Ⅱ_A, the difference is more prominant on the left side than on the right. 5. In spite of the side difference of the three dimensional values of all the three foramina being insignificant statistically in most subtypes, the following instances, however, are worth noting: (1) right foramen ovale in Ⅰ_A and Ⅱ_A subtypes locates further away form the frontal plane which traverses the prosthion than the corresponding froamin on the left side (t=3.70, P

Analysis of correlations between the three-dimensional values of foramina seenfrom external basal surface of the middle cranial fossa,and their three-dimensionalvalues with the metrical figures of the foramen ovale in 4 major subtypes of theskull were carried out in 100 male adult skulls collected from Shanghai vicinity.Thecephalometric observations of foramen ovale including linear and angular measure-ments had been reported previously in part one of this study.The data obtained inthe present paper showed that significant correlation existed only in some itemsamong our analysis.These involve the angle between the sagital plane and the longdiameter of the foramen ovale and the foramen spinosum preferentially.Furthermore,the left side revealed to be more concerned.According to the results obtained totally from our studies together With those ofothers,it seemed to us that the foramina on external basal surface of the middlecranial fossa would not be considered as symmetrically positioned.Therefore,it isreasonable to conclude that certain aspects of asymmetry in human skull do existvirtually,in accordance with the mechanical influence of the masticatory apparatusfrom the different side and the morphological asymmetries of the human beings,inc-luding the vascular or nerve structures passing through these foramina are concerned.Some practical considerations of our results are commented and suggested.

Hepatitis B is a kind of common infectious diseases,often shows no symptoms in the early phase.But the disease can be diagnosed by the modem techniques in advance.So with the modem scientific technology for diagnosis,we can treat the disease atavery early time with TCM to improve the therapeutic effects.

Fifty adult cadavers have been dissected bilateraly. Judged from our anatomical study, the site of division of the radial nerve into its superficial terminal and posterior interosseous branches is above the lateral humeral epicondyle in 96％. Usually, the brachialis, brachioradialis, and extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis all receive several muscular branches, which stem from different portions of the radial nerve. Muscular branch for ECRB arising from the superficial radial nerve of one side amounts to 25％.Two arcades are found to be situated along the radial side of the anterior cubital region, one being formed from the proximal tendinous margin of the ECRB muscle, and the other from the proximal edge of the superficial portion of the supinator. The lateral half of the ECRB arch, which covers that of the supinator arch, is definite and sharp and is crossed by the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) obliquely. Its medial half coincides with the corresponding half of the supinator arch, but occassionally they may fuse together. The supinator arch may be divided into loop or circular types, with its longitudinal and transverse diameters of nearly 1～1.2 cm. Those which are tendinous in nature (arcade of Frohse)amount to 18％.There are 28 sides of PIN being compressed by the ECRB arch during passive supination, while 18 sides by the supinator arch (Frohse' arch in 2) during passive pronation. For this reason, in addition to their close relationship and position on the radial side, they are preferred to be combined and named as the cubital radial arch.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and stability of using oleic acid to establish acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) model in Beagle dogs.Methods:A total of 25 Beagle dogs were injected oleic acid with a speed of 0.25?0.03ml/Kg through jugular vein after being anesthetized.The gas ventilation index,oxygen metabolism,histopathological changes,chest-ray scan and stability of each index after establishing the ARDS situation were continuously monitored and evaluated.Results:All 25 dogs were reached the diagnosis criteria of ARDS in 4.16?0.92 hours after injection of oleic acid,The arterial PaCO2 of the animals was 27.98?8.25mmHg,PaO2 was 65.40?11.48mmHg,and PaO2/FiO2 was 182.3?29.6.After mechanical ventilation treatment,PaO2/FiO2≤200.Pulmonary mesenchyme,and alveolus edema,bleeding,shrinkage and transparent formation were seen under microscope.There was darkness or coarse shadow in the lung by the X-ray scan.Conclusions:Through injection of oleic acid via jugular vein,a Beagle dog ARDS model may be quickly established with stable changes of hemodynamics,pulmonary mechanics and histology.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) associated microbubble-enhancing contrast (“SonoVue”) therapeutic ablation of uterine fibroids in patients with pelvic operation history. Methods A total of 100 patients with uterine fibroid from October 2010 to December 2012 in Suining Central Hospital of Sichuan were treated with HIFU associated SonoVue. Among them, 50 patients had pelvic operation history. The no-perfused volume, median fractional ablation, ablation power rate, ablation dose, treatment time and adverse reaction were recorded. Results There was no statistical significance between patients with operation history and without in no-perfused volume and ablation does. The ablation power was lower in patients with operation than without. The treatment time and room time were longer in patients with operation than without. The adverse reactions were higher in patients with operation than without, especially skin pain and lower abdominal pain ( <0.05) . According to short- and long-term follow-up results, no major complications were observed in any patients. Conclusion Pelvic operation history increases the difficulty in treatment of HIFU ablation uterine fibroids. HIFU associated contrast agent SonoVue ablation can be considered a safe and feasible approach to the management of uterine fibroids in patients with pelvic operation history after grasping the indications and contraindications.

OBJECTIVETo develop a new noninvasive limb-salvaging method in the treatment of primary malignant bone tumor in the extremities.

METHODSForty-four patients with primary malignant bone tumor were treated by extracorporal high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with or without chemotherapy, with a mean follow-up of 17.6 months.

RESULTSThe overall survival and complication rates were 84.1% and 18.2%. In 34 patients with stage II b disease, 30 were disease-free, with 2 died of tumor metastasis to brain and lung and 3 developed local recurrence. In 10 patients with stage III b disease, 5 survived with tumor, with 1 developed local recurrence and 5 died of lung metastasis. Thirty-six of 44 patients were > or = 15 points by Enneking system.

CONCLUSIONHigh intensity focused ultrasound combined with chemotherapy for primary malignant bone tumor in the extremity is proved to be effective and safe, preserving good function in the limbs. HIFU may possibly become a new limb-salvaging treatment for this tumor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and side-effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of malignant solid tumors.

METHODSThirty such patients who refused surgery and or refractory to chemotherapy, were treated by HIFU alone, with the efficacy and side effects monitored in terms of vital organ signs observation, functional assay of important organs, imaging examinations: digital subtraction angiography (DSA), CT, MRI, single photoemission computed tomography (SPECT), large core needle biopsy, complications or metastasis.

RESULTSAfter HIFU therapy, the vital signs remained stable and the function of heart, lung, kidney and liver was also normal. DSA images showed that small or larger arteries were not damaged. After a follow-up of 10 - 38 months (23.1 months), 26 patients (87%) have been alive. The volume of the tumor underwent complete regression in 10 patients. Shrinkage of tumor volume >/= 50% was observed in 13. Eight of 13 patients were examined by large core needle biopsy, all showing necrosis and/or fibrosis though 3 patients (10%) had local recurrence. Two of these were retreated again by HIFU and the locally recurrent tumor became well controlled. New metastases developed in 5 patients after HIFU therapy. Two patients suffered from peripheral nerve injuries, most of which have recovered during the follow-up. However, one patient developed skin injury.

CONCLUSIONHigh intensity focused ultrasound alone is effective and safe in the treatment of malignant solid tumors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal

Spent cells recovered from anaerobic fermentation by Actinobacillus succinogenes were used as nitrogen source for succinic acid production. Three methods were investigated for cell wall-breaking. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis was more effective for higher succinic acid yield. When the enzymatic hydrolysate of spent cells was added to reach a total nitrogen concentration 1.11 g/L (equivalent to 10 g/L yeast extract), the succinic acid concentration was 42.0 g/L, but it increased slightly when enhancing the level of enzymatic hydrolysate. However, when 5 g/L yeast extract was supplemented with the enzymatic hydrolysate of spent cells, the succinic acid concentration reached 75.5 g/L after 36 hours and, the succinic acid productivity was 2.10 g/(L x h), which increased by 66.7% compared with the fermentation using 10 g/L yeast extract. Therefore, enzymatic hydrolysate of spent cells could replace 50% yeast extract in the original medium for succinic acid production.
Actinobacillus ; metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Culture Media ; pharmacology ; Fermentation ; Industrial Waste ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism