Objective: To understand the relationship between chloroquine resistance and the virulence of Plasmodium berghei. Met hods: Dynamic changes of histopathologic features of livers, spleens, brains, hearts, lungs and kidneys of mice infected with the chloroquine-sensitive (N) and the chloroquine-resistant (RC) strains of P. berghei were compared. Results: In mice infected with the N strain, deposition of heavy hemoz oin in livers and spleens, congestive edema in lungs, and congestion and embolis m in the brain capillaries were observed. The histopathologic features revealed ac ute inflammatory reaction. In mice infected with the RC strain, histopathologic variations of livers and spleens were associated with changes of parasitemia. In terstitial pneumonia was displayed in lungs. There were chronic histopathologic changes of the organs in the mice infected with RC strain. Conclusion: The mice infected by the N strain with potent virulence die due to adher ence of the erythrocytes to microvascular endothelia and embolism of the microva scula, especially in their brain. Immune responses of the mice infected by the R C strain with poor virulence may be a delayed-type hypersensitive inflammation a ssociated with CD4+Th1 at an early stage of the infection, but may become anti body-dependent immune response assisted with CD4+Th2, which play a key role in elimination of the malaria parasites at later stage of the infection.

Objective: To investigate the feature of crisis at asexual stages of chloroqine resistant strain (RC) of Plasmodium berghei . Methods: By means of optical microscope,transmission electron microscope and agarose electrophoresis, microscopic and ultramicroscopic architectures, and genomic DNA electrophoresis at asexual stages of the RC and chloroquine sensitive (N) strains of P. berghei with rising parasitemia and the RC strain of the parasite with declining parasitemia were observed in ICR mice. Results: Under microscope, different developmental stages asexual parasites with normal forms were found in blood smears from the mice infected by the N and RC strains with rising parasitemia, whereas there were a few of the asexual parasites most of which were contracted and vacuolated from the mice recovered from infection by the RC strain. Using electron microscope, intact cytoplasm membranes of the parasites paralleling with parasitophrous membrane of erythrocytes, nuclear laterad, obvious metabilic window and mitochondrions, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasm were recognized in erythrocytic stages of the RC and N strains with rising parasitemia. There were rhoptries in merozoites and food vacuoles in trophozoites of the N strain. Erythrocytic parasites of the RC strain from recovered mice with declining parasitemia were spherical or elliptical, with intact cytoplasm membrane, contracted nuclei and concentrated cytoplasm, without mitochondrion membranaceous structure and metabolic windows. The genomic DNA electrophoretogram of the RC strain parasites in the recovered mice showed a ladder pattern, which differed evidently from the parasites of the RC strain with rising parasitemia and the N strain which showed a single band. Conclusion: It is confirmed that crisis form of asexual stages of the RC strain is apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate virulence differences of the malaria parasites and responses of their hosts to the malaria infection between chloroquine sensitive (N) and resistant (RC) strains of Plasmodium berghei . Methods: Ultrastructural pathological alterations of liver, kidney and lungs of ICR mice infected with the N or the RC strains were investigated. Results: Congestion and more parasite infected red blood cells in hepatic sinusoids, renal interstitium, capillaries of the liver, kidney and lungs in late period of the infection with the N strain were observed. Necrosis of hepatic cells in liver, juxtaglomerular cells and epithelial cells of renal tubules in kidney, type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ alveolar cells in lungs occurred. Membranes of these cells were broken, resulting in cytoplasm missing and mitochondria swelling infected with the N strain. While degeneration of some hepatic cells of liver, epithelial cells of renal tubules, alveoli cells of lungs appeared during late period of the infection with the RC strain of P. berghei . It was observed that some hepatic cells recoved, the glomeruli basement membrane and mesangial cells contained electron dense deposits,alveoli septa were undergoing the proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes. Conclusion: The N strain is more virulent than the RC strain of P. berghei . Ultrastructures of the liver, kidney and lungs of the mice infected with the N strain show cellular necrosis, while those infected with the RC strain mainly reveal cellular degeneration.

Objective: To understand the morphologic foundation for differences in drug-resistance, virulence and immunity between chloroquine-sensitive (N) and chloroquine-resistant (RC) strains of Plasmodium berghei. Methods: The RC strain and the N strain were compared concerning the formation and morphologic features of digestive vacuoles and haemozoin with transmission electron microscope. Results: There was a single large digestive vacuole and multiple micro-single-mem-braned vacuole-like structures in the trophozoites of the N strain, and haemozoins centralized and fused during their schizo-gony were situated under the plasma membrane. Whereas there were few digestive vacuoles in the trophozoites of the RC strain, but with multiple micro-single-membraned vacuole-like structures instead. The RC strain formed obviously less hemo-zoins than that of the N strain and the hemozoins were not centralized and fused during the schizogony. Conclusion: The RC strain forms multiple single-membraned food vacuole-like structures in the trophozoites, and has different mechanism for detoxifying free heme with N strain and the features may be the foundation for the difference in drug-resistance, virulence, immunity between RC strain and N strain of Plasmodium berghei.

AIM: To investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products on the expression of receptor for advanced glycosylation end products in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. METHODS: Monocytes were purified (over 98%) using anti-CD14+ microbeads. After 8 d culture in RPMI-1640 medium containing rhGM-CSF (100 ?g/L) and rhIL-4 (50 ?g/L), immature MDCs were derived, then exposed to AGE-BSA (0 or 200 mg/L) for 24 h. Expression of RAGE was semi-quantified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. At the same time, supernatants were collected. IFN-? and IL-12 were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: mRNA and protein of RAGE incubated by 200 mg/L AGE-BSA was higher than that in control at 24 h. Treatment of DCs with AGE-BSA resulted in about two-fold increase in the expression of RAGE (P

Objective To investigate the setup error for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with poor compliance using kV cone-beam computed tomography,and to calculate the expansion margin from the clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV).Methods In 45 NPC patients from 2013 to 2015,the setup error,95％ confidence interval (CI)-1 for random error,and PTV-1 value were calculated.Moreover,in 16 NPC patients with poor compliance based on five verifications (random error not within 95％ CI-1),the setup error,95％ CI-2 for random error,and PTV-2 value were calculated.For the 16 special patients,PTV-1 and PTV-1 combined with PTV-2 were used to develop the plan-1 and plan-2,respectively.The dosimetric difference between plan-1 and plan-2 was evaluated.Results Both PTV-1 and PTV-2 had the largest expansion margin in the y direction.The CTV of plan-1 could not meet the requirement of the prescription dose after the setup error was introduced.Compared with plan-1,the V95％ and D95 values for the CTV of plan-2 were increased by 6.26％ and 4.43％,respectively.The D01 value was significantly larger in plan-2 than in plan-1 (P=0.005),which,however,met the clinical requirement.Conclusions In patients with poor compliance,the dose to target volume can be effectively elevated and the normal tissue can be spared from damage when PTV-1 combined with PTV-2 is selected as expansion margin.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Telmisartan combined with Atorvastatin in treating patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(IPAF).Methods 70 cases of IPAF were randomly divided into study group(given treatment of Telmisartan combined with Atorvastatin)and control group(given treatment of Telmisartan),35 cases in each group,all patients got 2 years follow-up visit.The change of CRP and the arrhythmia recurrence were observed after treatment.Results After surgery,patients were better than before,but the efficiency in study group was significantly higher than control group(88.6％ vs 68.6％,P ＜0.05);CRP of the two groups were significantly reduced after treatment,two groups have significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Curative effect of atorvastatin combined with telmisartan on IPAF is better than that of telmisartan treatment and clinical implementation should be promoted.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of ultrasound-guided COre needle biopsy(CNB)and frozen sectionin breast cancer.Methods There were 41 cases of breast tumor which were suspicious with ultrasonography,and using Bard automatic biopsy device was applied for percutaneous puncture by ultrasound-guided in breast neoplasms.Tissue samples were harvested for frozen soetion pathologic examination.compared with 42 clinical cases of the turnour which suspicious with ultrasonography were excised in operation room(B group)during the same time.Results The outcome of frozen sections were finished in 30～40 miutes.Thirty-nine cases were diagnosed to be malignant,36 cases were infiltrated ductal carcino and 3cases were infiltrated lobular carcinoma,two cases were severely non-type hyperplasia the sensitivity of sonographically guided CNB for the diagnosis of breast cancer was 95.1%.one operation was finished in 60 to 120 minutes,the average is 68.19±12.41 minutes.In group B,sensitivity of diagnosis of breast cancer was 97.6%(P＜0.05).One operation was finished in 120 to 200 minutes,the average was127.88±11.50 minutes(P＜0.05).Conclusion It can achieved higHy diagnostic rate,and have benefit of setting down the operations program and the operating time was curtailed when breast cancer was utrasound-guided by CNB and examinede with frozen section.

Objective To study the therapeutic of anastomotic leakage in post-esophagogastrectomy. Meth-ods There were 18 cases of anastomotic leakage in 127 cases with cancer of the thoracic esophagus who underwent esophagectomy were retrospectively studied. There were ten cases had anastomotic leakage of 67 cases of esophagogas-trectomy from 1995 to 2001 (first phase),the intestines nutrition sustain treatment taked rice water,fish soup and broth, there were eight cases had anastomotic leakage of 60 cases of esophagogastrectomy from 2002 to 2007 (second phase) ,the intestines nutrition sustain treatment taked supportan,fresubin. Results There were six cases death of 10 cases of anastomotic leakage at first phase, and there was any not death in the second phase. Conclusion When anastomotic leakage of esophagogastreetomy,it can elevate the cure rate with early diagncsis and treatment and intes-tines nutrition sustain treatment choose by supportan or fresubin.

Objective To study effect of virus inactivation/removal treated by solvent/detergent method and dry heating at 80℃, 72 h for inactivation in human coagulation factor Ⅷ.Methods Human coagulation factor Ⅷextracted from healthy human plas-ma were treated by solvent/detergent method and dry heating at 80℃, 72 h for inactivation .The virus inactivation effect was validated by adding the indicator virus ( PRV, Sindbis, HIV, EMCV, PPV).Results The methods could effectively inactivate lipid-enveloped and non lipid-enveloped viruses which could be used for virus inactivation /removal during human coagulation factor Ⅷexperiments , the residual amount of TNBP in production was less than one percent ten thousand (10 ppm), the residual Tween-80 concentration was less than one percent hundred thousand (100 ppm),which all met the safety standards .Conclusion and no significant change was ob-served in the activation and other indicators of human coagulation factor Ⅷ.