Varicocele has been implicated as a cause of infertility in adult men, but little has been known on the significance of varicocele in adolescents. We created experimental varicoceles by partial ligation of the left renal vein in rats at 4 weeks, 7 weeks and 12 weeks of age to understand the effects of varicocele on testis in different stages of development ; preadolescence, adolescence and adulthood. Effects of varicocele on testis were studied with observation of the changes of testicular weights and testicular histology 4 weeks and 8 weeks after creation of varicocele. The experimental groups in which varicoceles were induced at 4 weeks and 12 weeks of age showed minimal testicular weight changes and minimal histologic changes. The experimental group of 7 weeks of age showed the marked changes on testis ; mean weight of the left testis was significantly reduced in experimental group (1.03+/-0.31) compared with control group (1.51+/-0.12g) (p<0,05). Histologic changes such as degeneration of germinal epithelium, tubular atrophy, Sertoli cell hyperplasia and interstitial edema were more frequently observed in this group. We measured the mean seminiferous tubular diameter as a means of quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis and found it decreased significantly in this group (219+/-37 micrometer) compared with control group (270+/-141 micrometer) (p<0.05). Above results suggest that varicocele which occurred in adolescence has the most damaging effects on testis.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Epithelium ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infertility ; Ligation ; Male ; Rats* ; Renal Veins ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis* ; Varicocele* ; Weights and Measures

Reviewing the radiologic studies of the 402 patients with infravesical obstructive lesions, we studied the pattern of upper urinary tract change in children and adults. The following results were obtained. 1. The upper tract dilatation was shown in 68 patients : 9 of 11 posterior urethral valve patients(82 percent), 22 of 280 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients(7.9 percent), 11 of 57 urethral stricture patients(19 percent), 26 of 54 neurogenic bladder patients(48 per cent). 2. Upper tract dilatation in infravesical obstructive diseases occurred on one side in 32 percent of the cases : 24 percent in children and 38 percent in adults. 3. Of 68 patients with upper tract dilatation, 40 patients had voiding cystourethrography. Vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 30 of 69 dilated kidney units : 25 of 49 kidney units (51 percent) in children and 5 of 20 kidney units(25 percent) in adults. Vesicoureteral reflux was more frequently occurred in children than in adults.
Adult ; Child ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Kidney ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

The authors examined the induntivity of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral lum-phocytes on the personnel working in the operating room and analyzed the factors associated with it to obtain data for their monitoring health status. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Average inductivity of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes of operating room perssonnel exposed to anesthetic gases was 7.85 per cell; it was significantly higher than in those who were not exposed (p< 0.05). 2) The inductivity of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes by age group and exposure duration was not statically significant (p<0.05). 3) The inductivity of SCE in the subjects with a smoking habit was significantly higher than those without a smoking habit (p<0.05). 4) There was no significant difference in the inductivity of SCE between the subjects with a drinking habit and those without it (p>0.05). 5) It is possible that the high inductivity of SCE in operating room personnel who both with drink and smoke was due to more the influence of their smoking than their drinking.
Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Drinking ; Gases* ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Operating Rooms* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Hemochromatosis* ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis*

Castleman disease rarely presents as an isolated retroperitoneal mass. We report two cases of retroperitoneal Castleman disease. Sonography showed hypoechoic mass. in two CT demonstrated homogeneously enhancing mass in two cases and calcifications in one case.
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia*

A selection of particular type of neurogenic bladder with a high risk for renal function from urodynamic study in myelodysplasia patients is important to predict prognosis and to determine treatment plan. With video urodynamic study we tried to know which type of bladder dysfunction had a possibility of renal deterioration. Among 39 patients with myelodysplasia. 10 patients had vesicoureteral reflux. In these patients. vesicoureteral reflux was found in 3 of 7 patients with hyperreflexia showing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, 2 of 6 patients with hyperreflexia without showing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and 5 of 10 patients with areflexia showing low compliance. All normal and any other areflexic bladders including relatively high compliance didn`t show vesicoureteral reflux. Upper tract dilatation also showed similar findings. These data show that with careful urodynamic study high risk neurogenic bladder type can be determined and it requires more aggressive treatment to preserve renal function.
Ataxia ; Child* ; Compliance ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urodynamics* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

No abstract available.
Granuloma, Lethal Midline*

Nitric Oxide(NO) has been known to be endothelium-derived relaxing factor in blood vessels, and to be nonadrenergic-noncholinergic(NANC) neurotransmitter involved in the relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle of man and rabbit. This study was initiated to determine NANC inhibitory neurotransmission in the canine corpus cavernosum. Using organ bath, isometric tension measurements were made in strips of canine corpus cavernosum. Transmural electrical stimulation of corporal tissue strips, in the presence of adrenergic blockade with bretylium and muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine, caused frequency-dependent relaxation. This relaxation was inhibited significantly by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME). Our findings suggest that there should be nonadrenergic-noncholinergic neurotransmitter in the canine corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and it could be nitric oxide. Canine erectile tissue might serve as in vitro model for further investigation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle pathophysiology.
Atropine ; Baths ; Blood Vessels ; Electric Stimulation ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Relaxation* ; Synaptic Transmission