No abstract available.
Amnion*

No abstract available.
Nervous System*

PURPOSE: It was reported that gene locus for generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+) exist in chromosome 19q13.1, and has relationship with a 387 C G mutation in the SCN1B gene. This study is to determine whether there is the 387 C G mutation in the children with GEFS+ and simple febrile seizures(FS). METHODS: The sample group consisted of 16 patients with GEFS+ and 10 patients with FS who were diagnosed by our department of pediatrics from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 1999. The control group consisted of 15 children who do not have seizure disorders. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and a segment of the SCN1B exon 3 was amplified by PCR technique. Purified PCR products were treated with restriction enzyme, Hin P1. The restriction pattern was analyzed by sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Sixty nine%(11 of 16) patients with GEFS+ had family history for epilepsy, and epilepsy phonotypes were generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 82%(13 of 16), on the other hand 12%(2 of 16) and 6%(1 of 16) had absences and atonic seizures respectively. EEG findings showed generalized spike and wave in the all patients with GEFS+. in this study, however we could not observe a 387 C-->G mitation of the SCN1B in the children with GEFS+ and febrile seizures. CONCLUSION: The gene for GEFS+ may have a heterogenetic characteristics, and there may be racial differences in mutation frequency. Expanded studies involving large number of different families are required.
Child ; DNA ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Generalized* ; Exons ; Hand ; Humans ; Mutation Rate ; Pediatrics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: We evaluated if VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-immunoreactivity is associated with tumor stage or grade in RCC (renal cell carcinoma), and specifically, if it could serve as a prognostic i ndicator in terms of survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologic samples of 54 patients in whom radical nephrectomy due to RCC (clear cell type exclusively) from January 1995 to July 1999 were included in this study. VEGF-immunoreactivity was classified as 0 to 3+ according to the ratio of VEGF-positive cells in randomly selected multiple tumor areas. Histologic differentiation was classified according to Fuhrmann's classification and staging was made with TNM classification. RESULTS: The correlation between grade and VEGF-positivity was statistically significant using chi-square analysis. Among the 3 patients with grade I, showed 2, 1, 0 for VEGF 1+, 2+, 3+ respectively. In grade II the cases were 11, 7, 3 respectively. In grade III the cases were 3, 10, 11, and in grade IV the cases were 1, 2, 3 respectively. The correlation between stage and VEGF-positivity didn't show statistical significance. The survival rate for VEGF during the period was 100%, 90%, 76.5% for VEGF 1+, 2+, 3+ respectively. The survival rate for grade was 100%, 100%, 83.3%, 66.7% for grade I, II, III, IV respectively. The survival rate for stage was 95.2%, 85.7%, 87.5%, 66.7% FOR STAGE I, II, III, IV respectively. In the same grade, survival rate decreased apparently according to the increase of VEGF-positivity. For example, in the same grade III, the survival rae was 100%, 90%, 72.7% for VEGF 1+, 2+, 3+ respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study is that VEGF is correlated with tumor grade and the higher VEGF expression, the lower the survival rate, so we can predict the prognosis by VEGF immunohistochemical staining for supplement of grading system. VEGF alone can be a good predictor for survival, and importantly in the same grade, we can differentiate patient's prognosis with VEGF.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Classification ; Humans ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Prospective Studies* ; Stents*

PURPOSE: Asphyxia is the most common cause of neurologic sequelae in perinatal period. We hoped to help other clinicians by investigating factors affecting neurologic outcome in asphyxiated term babas. METHODS: A clinical study of factors affecting neurologic outcome was made on 120 patients, who were asphyxiated term baby. They admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 1995 to December, 1996. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation in neurologic outcome and gestational age, delivery type, sex, birth weight, one minute Apgar score. Five minute Apgar score had influence on neurologic outcome. Presence of acidemia had influence on neurologic outcome. Mental status and seizure influenced on neurologic outcome. Poor neurologic outcome was prone to come in the presence of prolonged duration of abnormal mental function or a repetitive seizure not controlled immediately. There was poor neurologic outcome in the patients who have abnormal findings on EEG, CT, and neurosonography. In addition, there was poor neurologic outcome in congenital heart disease patients. All of above had statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Now, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring clinical course such as five minute Apgar score, mental change, and seizure. And, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring acidemia and perform EEG, CT and neurosonography.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Electroencephalography ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hope ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Joints*

The PCL is the strongest ligament in the knee joint. And it gives the posterior stability to the knee joint and act on rotation of knee joint. The many authors reported the surgical approaches for PCL. But none of them was satisfactory for exposure for PCL. Authors report the approach for repair and reconstruction on PCL injury The purpose of this report is to get the more satisfactory exposure of operation field for anatomical repair of injuried PCL. 1. PCL injury combined with MCL injury. a) MCL injury at its femoral attachment area. Detach the injuried MCL from femoral attachment completely, continue with anteromedial incision, and can observe both femoral and tibial attachment of PCL and ACL. b) MCL injury at its tibial attachment area. Retract the injuried MCL, medial meniscus, joint capsule superiorly, and through between medial meniscus and tibial proximal protion, also can observe the tivial attachment of PCL. 2. Isolated PCL injury. a) at tibial attachment(avulsion fracture) Through posterior approach or straight anteromedial approach, incised the posteromedial joint capsule, and can observed the tibial attachment of PCL. b) at substance level. Detach the MCL from its femoral attachment with bone-block and apply the knee valgus force. And can observe the entire length of PCL. Also reinforce the repaired site of PCL by reconstruction using a semitendinosus tendon.
Joint Capsule ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Tendons

The authors studied 54 patients (55 cases) of femoral shaft fractures treated by compression plate fixation and IM nailing from August 1986 to December 1991. The purpose of this study is to analyse comparatively the radiological and clinical results between the compression plate fixation and IM nailing in femoral shaft fracture of adult. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among the 54 patients, the ratio of male and female was 44: 10, and the highest in cidence of age was between 3rd and 4th decades. 2. The main cause of injury was traffic accident in 38 cases. 3. The most common fracture type was B1-② in ten cases by AO-ASIF classification. 4. The mean duration of union was 13 weeks in compression plate fixation by the Koostra's criteria and the average 23 weeks in IM nailing by the Bjorens criteria. 5. The clinical result according to Margerl et al, was good in 25 cases (80.6%) with compression plate fixation and good in 20 cases (83.3%) with intramedullary fixation. 6. Complications of compression plate fixation were metal failure in 2 cases and deep wound infection in 1 case, and 1 case of femur neck fracture during operation and 1 case of metal failure in intramedullary fixation.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Classification ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Male ; Wound Infection