A study was made on 50 cases of epileptic children who had been observed at the pediatric department of Chungnam National University Hospital Taejeon Eul Ji Hospital during the period from July, 1986 to June, 1991. The result are as follows: 1) Epilepsy was most frequent in children from 1 year to 10 year of age (80%). Epilepsy was commoner in female children compare to male representing male to female ratio, 1:1.2. 2) Intractable cases with VPA were 40%, and male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Intractable cases were most common between 1 and 5 years (65%). 3) The most common epileptic type was generalized tonic clonic seizure (38%). 4) The clinical effect of valproic acid was the worst in severely abnormal EEG finding. 5) The mean plasma VPA level was significantly lower for the polytherapy (57.7microgram/ml) than for the monotherapy (69.5microgram/ml). The VPA dose of steady-state was significantly higher for polytherapy (27.9mg/kg/d) than for the monotherapy (20.9mg/kg/d). VPA level: dose ratio was reduced in the polytherapy (2.1) as compared to monotherapy (3.3). 6) The plasma VPA level increased according to dosage. In the same dose, plasma level of monotherapy was significantly higher than polytherapy. 7) The VPA dose of stead-state was highest under 1 year (monotherapy: 24.8mg/kg/day, polytherapy: 33.4mg/kg/day). The VPA dose decreased in accordance with an increase of the age. 8) There was no correlation between EEG change and plasma concentration of VPA. 9) There was linear correlation between clinical affect and plasma VPA level, and plasma concentration of VPA reached 51 to 100microgram/ml at that time. 10) The clinical effect was good in abscence seizure, simple partial seizure, myoclonic seizure, and generalized tonic clonic seizure in decreasing order. 11) The incidence of side effect were gastrointestinal disturbance, behavior disorder, laboratory abnormality, neurologic abnormality in order of frequency. The frequency of overall side effects observed was 40% but toxic effects were generally mild.
Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Daejeon ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Plasma ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid*

No abstract available.
Nails

The PCL is the strongest ligament in the knee joint. And it gives the posterior stability to the knee joint and act on rotation of knee joint. The many authors reported the surgical approaches for PCL. But none of them was satisfactory for exposure for PCL. Authors report the approach for repair and reconstruction on PCL injury The purpose of this report is to get the more satisfactory exposure of operation field for anatomical repair of injuried PCL. 1. PCL injury combined with MCL injury. a) MCL injury at its femoral attachment area. Detach the injuried MCL from femoral attachment completely, continue with anteromedial incision, and can observe both femoral and tibial attachment of PCL and ACL. b) MCL injury at its tibial attachment area. Retract the injuried MCL, medial meniscus, joint capsule superiorly, and through between medial meniscus and tibial proximal protion, also can observe the tivial attachment of PCL. 2. Isolated PCL injury. a) at tibial attachment(avulsion fracture) Through posterior approach or straight anteromedial approach, incised the posteromedial joint capsule, and can observed the tibial attachment of PCL. b) at substance level. Detach the MCL from its femoral attachment with bone-block and apply the knee valgus force. And can observe the entire length of PCL. Also reinforce the repaired site of PCL by reconstruction using a semitendinosus tendon.
Joint Capsule ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Tendons

During the last 18 years only a small number of successful replantation of lower extremities severed by trauma have been reported. In this paper we report the first successful case of replantation of completely amputated thigh In Korean literature. A 31-year-old man was admitted to Kyung Hee Unlversity Hospital on February 27th 1976, approximately 1 hour after accident in which the left thigh was completely amputated 15 cm above the knee joint. Circulation was restored 6 hours after amputation through anastomosis of the femoral vein, artery, great saphenous vein, profunda femoris artery and vein. The continuity of sciatic nerve was reestablished by secondary furnicular suture 7 week after injury. About 4 years and 7 months after injury the patient could walk without pain and returned to his occupation. Thre was a almost complete return of motor and sensory function of the posterior tibial nerve.
Adult ; Amputation ; Arteries ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Microsurgery ; Occupations ; Replantation ; Saphenous Vein ; Sciatic Nerve ; Sensation ; Sutures ; Thigh ; Tibial Nerve ; Veins

The authors performed a study of 32 patients who had undergone anterior lumbar interbody fusion using allograft with posterior pedicular instrumentation. The clinical outcomes were evaluated and the radiographs were analyzed with respect to graft subsidence, interspace collapse, graft collapse, sagittal angle and fusion status. In 71% of the levels there was a loss of disc space height during the follow-up, with 18% of the levels being narrower than their preoperative height at late follow-up. Significant(more than 3mm) subsidence and collapse were noted in three and four levels respectively. Approximately 84% of the 32 patients had satisfactory results and a radiological fusion was obtained in 88.2% of the 34 levels. We consider the pedicle screw fixation improves the retention of interspace distraction and the fusion rate of allograft in anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
Allografts* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Spine ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a radiometric analysis of radicular cysts and periapical granulomas is useful in the differential diagnosis. In this experiment, twenty-nine periapical radiographs of the radicular cyst and those periapical granuloma were used. The periapical radiography was taken by intraoral paralleling device. The X-ray film was digitized and digitally filtered to reduce film-grain noise. We estimated density difference of the inner/outer area, roundness or circularity, bone profile or scan line of the margin and cumulative percentage frequency curve of radicular cyst & periapical granuloma. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. The differences in density between ROIs of inner and outer area of radicular cysts were smaller than those of periapical granulomas. 2. The equivalent circular diameter was over 6.3mm, there was significant difference between periapical cyst and periapical granuloma. 3. In differential diagnosis of radicular cyst and periapical granuloma using bone profile, sensitivity, spicificity and accuracy were considerably high(0.83, 0.86, 0.86) respectively. 4. Cumulative percentage frequency curve of the radicular cyst was closer to the pseudo-pixel value of 50 than average curve, whereas periapical granuloma was closer to that of 0. Hence we conclude that digital radiometric features might be useful in the differential diagnosis between radicular cyst and periapical granuloma.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Noise ; Periapical Granuloma* ; Radicular Cyst* ; Radiography ; X-Ray Film

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scope of pelviscopic surgery on gynecologic disease, safety or efficacy associated with the procedure. METHODS: Two hundred fifteen cases of pelviscopic surgery which were performed at Dankook University Hospital from March 1998 to February 2002. All cases were analyzed with regard to the age, parity, indications for surgery, types of the surgery, past history of surgery, operation time, hospital days, intra and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The mean age of patient was 39.2 years, the mean number of parity was 1.8. The most common clinical indication of the surgery was ovarian tumor 106 cases (50.2%), followed by myoma uteri 80 cases (37.2%), CIN III 14 cases (6.5%). The types of surgery were LAVH 93 cases (43.3%), salpingo-oophorectomy 61 cases (28.4%), oophorectomy 34 cases (15.8%). The operation time ranged 20 to 200 minutes and the mean duration of hospitalization was 4.4 days. CONCLUSION: The pelviscopy offers the advantages of reduced surgical morbidity, less bleeding, less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays. Pelviscopic operation is safe and effective alternative to laparotomy in many cases of gynecologic surgery.
Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Myoma ; Ovariectomy ; Pain, Postoperative ; Parity ; Postoperative Complications ; Uterus

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate postoperative patient satisfaction, vaginal bleeding, and sexual function in women after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using a questionnaire mailed to 131 women who underwent LSH between 2008 and 2011at the Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, D University Hospital in Chungnam province. Indication for LSH was uterine myoma. The questionnaire contained questions on overall postoperative satisfaction, influence on quality of life of vaginal bleeding, and sexual satisfaction following surgery. Data were collected from March to July 2013 and 109 (83.2%) patients returned the questionnaire. RESULTS: Most women reported being very satisfied (90.8%) or satisfied (7.3%), but 2 women (1.8%) were not satisfied with LSH. Four patients (3.4%) reported experiencing vaginal bleeding but with no negative influence on quality of life. Of sexually active women, 82 patients (90.1%) reported improvements in sexual function, 8 patients (8.8%) reported "no change", and one patient (1.1%) reported a deterioration. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that LSH is associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction, no negative influence on quality of life from vaginal bleeding, and improvement in sexual function to a minimum 2 years after the procedure.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Leiomyoma ; Obstetrics ; Patient Satisfaction* ; Postal Service ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Hemorrhage*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results between laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), and to realize the merits and demerits of both operations, so we know which pelviscopic hysterectomy operation is better method at the present time. METHODS: 30 of LAVH cases and 30 of TLH cases were performed from 12 December 2002 to 25 February 2004 at department of OB and GY, Dankook University Hospital. We analyzed the results with regard to patient's characteristics, indication of hysterectomy, size of uterus, operation time, blood loss, duration of hospitalization and complications. RESULTS: LAVH operations, and TLH operations were performed by same operator respectively. There were no significant differences in patient's characteristics (age, height, weight) between the two groups. The main preoperative indication was myoma uteri in both groups, followed by CINIII in LAVH groups and adenomyosis in TLH groups. The majority of uterine size on operation field was adult fist size in both groups. The mean operation time was 86.3 +/- 19.5 min for LAVH group and 153.3 +/- 44.4 min for TLH group, the operation time is significantly longer in TLH group (P-value<0.05). The blood loss was not significantly different between the two groups (265 +/- 92.9 mL for LAVH, 268 +/- 119.2 mL for TLH, P-value>0.05). The duration of hospitalization was not significantly different between the two groups (6.1 +/- 0.4 days for LAVH, 6.2 +/- 0.8 days for TLH, P-value>0.05). There is no complication in LAVH group, 3 complications in TLH group. CONCLUSION: LAVH has no significant differences in patient's characteristics, indication of operation, size of uterus, blood loss and duration of hospitalization, compared with TLH, but it has the merits of short operation time and less complication. In this study we consider that LAVH operation method stands at advantage over TLH.
Adenomyosis ; Adult ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Myoma ; Uterus