The author evaluated 63 patients(95 eyes) of congenital blepharoptosis whowere operated by frontalis sling and external levator resection at the Keon Yang Medical Foundation Kim's Eye Clinic. To obtain the best results in blepharoptosis, it is necessary to evaluate degree of levator function, amount of ptosis and its etiology. The results are as follows: 1. The majority(78%) were operated at the age between the first and the second decade. 2. Levator function of congenital ptosis was poor(under 4mm) in 84 eyes and fair(5~7mm) in 11 eyes. 3. The author obtained good surgical result in 20 eyes(80%) by frontalis sling and in 35 eyes(92%) by external levator resection. 4. Most common complication was undercorrection(8 cases). 5. External levator resection is the primary choice of operation for ptosis with poor levator function(3~4mm).
Blepharoptosis*

The surgical treatments of blepharoptosis by resection of the levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle and levator aponeurotic repair, Fasanella-Servat procedure have occasionally complication like as overcorrection, especially in acquired cases. The recession of levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle (anterior recession and posterior tenotomy) and/or marginal myotomy had been performed on 6 overcorrected blepharoptotic patients from November, 1987 to July, 1990 in Keon Yang medical foundation and the results were satisfactory.
Blepharoptosis* ; Humans

Authors reviewed 110 cases of retrograde pyelography which performed in the Dept. of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital during the period from January 1977 to December 1980. And the results were as follows. 1. Indication was 34 cases (31%) of nonvisualizing kidney, 31 cases (28%) of obstructive lesion, 21 cases (19%), of inadequate filling in pelviocalyceal system, 7 cases (6.5%) of impaired renal function. 6 cases (5.5%) of upper tract abnormality, l cases (0.9%) of allergy to contrast media and other 10 cases. 2. On the nonvisualizing kidney, hydronephrosis (23.5%) was most common and normal (20.5%), ureter stone (20.5%) in order. 3. For assessment of obstructive lesion, UPJ stricture (39%) was most common and ureter stone (32%), normal (16%), ureter tumor, UVJ stricture in order. 4. Inadequate filling on excretory urogram revealed normal (24%), renal tumor (19%), renal tuberculosis (9.5%) and chronic pyelonephritis scar (9.5%) etc. 5. The patients who had poor renal function or poor general condition and upper tract abnormality were well defined with retrograde pyelography and available for diagnosis and treatment. 6. Complication were seen in 2 cases (1.8%). One was acute pyelonephritis and the other was pyonephrosis.
Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypersensitivity ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis ; Pyonephrosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ureter ; Urography* ; Urology

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first field where human stem cell therapy was successful. Flooding interest on human stem cell therapy to cure previously incurable diseases is largely indebted to HSCT success. Allogeneic HSCT has been an important modality to cure various diseases including hematologic malignancies, various non-malignant hematologic diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism, while autologous HSCT is generally performed to rescue bone marrow aplasia following high-dose chemotherapy for solid tumors or multiple myeloma. Recently, HSCs are also spotlighted in the field of regenerative medicine for the amelioration of symptoms caused by neurodegenerative diseases, heart diseases, and others. Although the demand for HSCs has been growing, their supply often fails to meet the demand of the patients needing transplant due to a lack of histocompatible donors or a limited cell number. This review focuses on the generation and large-scale expansion of HSCs, which might overcome current limitations in the application of HSCs for clinical use. Furthermore, current proof of concept to replenish hematological homeostasis from non-hematological origin will be covered.
Bone Marrow ; Cell Count ; Drug Therapy ; Heart Diseases ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Regenerative Medicine ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: Occupational stress can have a negative effect on the worker such as physical, emotional, and psychological health. Although it is well reported that health service staff tend to have a high level of minor psychiatric disorder, only a few studies have been reported in Korea. Intern and Residency (residents) are very vulnerable periods of stress and other psychiatric disorders. In this study, we describe occupational stress of interns and residents and relationship between occupational stress and depression. METHODS: The participants of this study were interns and residents trained in a tertiary hospital in Korea. The occupational stress scale was used for measurement of occupational stress. In addition, the Korean version of the Beck depression scale was used to evaluate the prevalence of depression. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 18.0; p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Female doctors showed higher occupational stress than male. Interns and chief residents demonstrated higher occupational stress than other grades. Astonishingly, most participants showed depressive mood. Compared with the general population, job demand and culture of the workplace are in the first upper quartile. It is indicated that compared with general populations, physicians have a higher workload and patience is required in order to cope with the harsh culture of the workplace. Depressive mood was evaluated with various factors and only occupational stress was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Overwhelming occupational stress of residents could result in both medical and social problems. Therefore, recognition of occupational stress is essential and aggressive interventions are required.
Burnout, Professional ; Depression ; Female ; Health Services ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Social Problems ; Tertiary Care Centers*

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of ondansetron were evaluated for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after pelviscopic gynecologic procedure. We compared the effects of three doses of intravenous ondansetron, 1 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg. METHODS: Eighty women were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups receiving 1 mg (group 1, n = 20), 4 mg (group 2, n = 20), 8 mg (group 3, n = 20) or normal saline (group 4, n = 20) at the end of pelviscopic operation. PONV were measured using a 4 point scale (0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe) 1 hr, 2 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr after the operation and other side effects were checked. RESULTS: Over the 24 hr study period, group 2 and 3 showed a significant lower incidence of nausea (15%, 10%) and vomiting (5%, 5%) than in group 1 (nausea: 25%, vomiting: 5%) or group 4 (nausea: 40%, vomiting: 30%). Complete response rates of each group were 80%, 90%, 90% and 50% during first 2 hrs and 50%, 80%, 75% and 30% after 2 hrs after operation. Adverse events were minor, and ondansetron treated patients had profiles similar to those of the placebo. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that ondansetron at 4 mg or 8 mg is a safe and effective prophylactic antiemetic for women requiring gynecologic pelviscopic surgery under general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Antiemetics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Vomiting

In order to investigate the factors influencing QOL and life satisfaction of the physically disabled, the author interviewed, by using structuralized questionnaire, 440 individuals among the physically disabled who were participated in Health Examination from April to July, 1997. The questionnaire consisted of the general characteristics(sex, age, marital status, family number, etc), the Reintegration to Normal Living Index(RNLI) to assess QOL, and the single item of five-likert scale to evaluate life satisfaction. The means of RNLI were 16.2+/-4.8 in total score, 12.2+/-3.4 in daily functioning and 4.0+/-2.1 in perception of self. The respondents were less reintegrated toward social activities and relationships than impairments or disabilities. While the satisfied group was 47.3%, the dissatisfied group was 52.7%. As the results of multiple regression and logistic regression analysis, the significant predictors of QOL were age, education, job, grade of disability and subjective health status. The life satisfaction were related to economic status, job and subjective health status. To improve QOL and life satisfaction of the physically disabled, it is important that we improve their basic socioeconomic status by getting a job through rehabilitation education and induce them to have positive self-assessment by extending the opportunity of social participation.
Daegu* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Disabled Persons* ; Education ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Self-Assessment ; Social Class ; Social Participation

BACKGROUND: A long-term objective is to understand the pathogenesis of neurologic injuries associated with cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, and circulatory arrest. Our specific aims are to establish a dose of air which results in moderate to severe neurologic defects in normothermic (37degrees C) rabbits. METHODS: To first establish a dose of air which would cause unequivocal neurologic impairment, anesthetized rabbits received either 0, 50, 100 or 150 microgram l/kg of air into the internal carotid artery(n=5 in each group). One hour later, anesthesia was discontinued and animals were recovered. Animal were neurologically evaluated at 24 hours using a zero(normal) to 97(coma) point scale. RESULTS: There was a clear relationship between the dose of air injected and the severity of neurologic impairment at 24 hours, p=1.1x10(-7). Rabbits receiving 50 micrograml/kg of air were minimally affected and were difficult to distinguish from controls. In contrast, rabbits receiving 150 micrograml/kg of air were uniformly and unequivocally impaired. CONCLUSION: we recommend for future cerebral air embolism studies, 150 microgram l/kg as the optimal dose of air which would reliably produce viable subjects for 24 hours with marked unequivocal, neurologic impairment.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Embolism ; Embolism, Air* ; Rabbits ; Thoracic Surgery

In the initial published version of this article, there was a mistake in the title. The correct title should be “Impact of Day 14 Peripheral Blood Chimerism after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on the Treatment Outcome of Non-Malignant Disease”.

BACKGROUND: The body temperature of a patient changes changes during general anesthesia and cholinesterase inhibitor is usually administered at the end of general anesthesia to reverse the neuromuscular blocker effect. We tried to evaluate the effect of temperature changes on the contraction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by acetylcholine (Ach) exogenously administered and neostigmine, cholinesterase inhibitor. METHODS: Isolated tracheal preparations(3 mm wide) of rabbit were mounted in organ baths filled with Tyrode's solution. Cumulative dose responses(isometric contractin) of Ach (10-6, 10-5, 10-4 & 10-3 M) & neostigmine (10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-4) at 37oC, 39oC and 27oC were measured with force displacement transducer and pD2 was calculated. RESULTS: Warming from 37oC to 39oC, contraction by Ach weakened significantly and contraction by neostigmine did not change significantly. Cooling from 37oC to 27oC, contraction by Ach were changed significantly and contraction by neostigmine, at low concentration, was inhibited significantly, but at high concentration, was not potentiated significantly. pD2 of Ach did not change significantly by cooling from 37oC to 27oC and decreased significantly by warming from 37oC to 39oC. pD2 of neostigmine was significantly reduced by cooling from 37oC to 27oC and did not change significantly by warming from 37oC to 39oC. CONCLUSIONS: Warming from 37oC to 39oC, the contraction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by Ach was decreased significantly,and cooling from 37oC to 27oC, contraction induced by neostigmine was decreased significantly at low concentration of neostigmine. But it is not sure wheter these effects can be observed in clinical practice when neostigmine is administered to patients,so further study is necessary.
Acetylcholine* ; Anesthesia, General ; Baths ; Body Temperature ; Cholinesterases ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Transducers