Ten feet from 6 idiopathic congenltal clubfoot patients which had failed to respond to conservative mearsured were treated by aggreasive posteromedial release during infancy with generally good results. A modltication of Denis-Browne splint by splitting both aides and using dial lock to hold the foot still ln correeted position was found quite useful for post-operative maintenance.
Clubfoot ; Foot ; Humans ; Splints

The salt-sensitivity has been generally accepted as a mechnism of high blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients, and so it may result in a difference of renal handling of sodium and potassium between normal healthy control and elderly hypertensive patient. So to evaluate an lbove difference, the amount of 24 hours' urinary excretion of Na+ & K+ were measured in healthy normotensive control (10 case) and elderly hypertensive group(10 case) according to normal diet (12-15gm of NaCl) for first 3 days and low salt diet (3~5)gm of NaCi) for next 3 days, also blood rewwure was mintored. The results were followed : 1) 24 hours' urinary excretion of NA+ was increased in hypertensive group more than control group at first day of normal diet and low salt diet significantly. 2) After a replacement of normal diet to low salt diet, a maximal decrement of 24 hours' urinary excretion of Na+ was 25% at first day in control but 40% at second day in hypertensive group only. 3) There was a similar pattern of urinary excretion of K+ as Na+ in hypertensive group, but it was not stastically significant. 4) There was no significant changes of blood pressure, serum electrolyte and BUN/creatinine according to salt intake in both group. From above findings. We can conclude that a urinary excretion of sodium is delayed in elderly hypertensive group, and it is suggested that a delayed excretion of sodium. is associated with retention of sodium in body. So a persistent restriction of sodium is recommended in elderly hypertensive patient.
Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Potassium* ; Sodium*

Objective: There are reports that cognitive training improves cognitive performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the research on the effects of cognitive training in the community-dwelling elderly is insufficient. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of cognitive training in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The participants were community-dwelling elderly aged 60 years or over. We collected demographic data and assessed Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), The Short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean (SGDS-K), and Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia (GQOL-D). Cognitive training consisted of performing tasks for multi-cognitive domains. It was a paper- and group-based program, conducted 15 sessions each 60 minute. After the intervention, clinical characteristics were reassessed. Paired t-test, pearson correlation, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using R version 3.6.1. Results: There were 206 participants. 162 participants completed the intervention, and were eligible for analyses. After the cognitive intervention, MoCA-K was improved 2.10±0.61 which was statistically significant (p<0.001). SGDS-K was decreased 0.57± 0.46 (p=0.003). GQOL-D was increased 1.65±1.64 (p=0.048). ANCOVA showed that the score change in MoCA-K was not in-fluenced by baseline SGDS-K or baseline GQOL-D score. Conclusion Group-and paper-based cognitive training could improve MoCA-K, SGDS-K, and GQOL-D for the communitydwelling elderly. Baseline SGDS-K and GQOL-D scores were not associated with cognitive training effects in the community-dwelling elderly.

Objective: There are reports that cognitive training improves cognitive performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the research on the effects of cognitive training in the community-dwelling elderly is insufficient. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of cognitive training in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The participants were community-dwelling elderly aged 60 years or over. We collected demographic data and assessed Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), The Short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean (SGDS-K), and Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia (GQOL-D). Cognitive training consisted of performing tasks for multi-cognitive domains. It was a paper- and group-based program, conducted 15 sessions each 60 minute. After the intervention, clinical characteristics were reassessed. Paired t-test, pearson correlation, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using R version 3.6.1. Results: There were 206 participants. 162 participants completed the intervention, and were eligible for analyses. After the cognitive intervention, MoCA-K was improved 2.10±0.61 which was statistically significant (p<0.001). SGDS-K was decreased 0.57± 0.46 (p=0.003). GQOL-D was increased 1.65±1.64 (p=0.048). ANCOVA showed that the score change in MoCA-K was not in-fluenced by baseline SGDS-K or baseline GQOL-D score. Conclusion Group-and paper-based cognitive training could improve MoCA-K, SGDS-K, and GQOL-D for the communitydwelling elderly. Baseline SGDS-K and GQOL-D scores were not associated with cognitive training effects in the community-dwelling elderly.

The lymphoid system of the lung represents a complex network of lymphoid tissue and lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are normally located in the hila, adjacent to the lobar bronchi and within the lung to the level of the fourth-order bronchi. Clinically apparent intrapulmonary lymph nodes are rare. Although their histogenesis is uncertain, intrapulmonary lymph nodes are probably hyperplastic lymphoid nodules related to inhalation of irritant dusts and attendant distortion of local lymphatic vessels. Intrapulmonary lymph nodes are detected as solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules. These nodules are difficult to differentiate from intrapulmonary metastasis by radiologic finding. We experienced a case of intrapulmonary lymph nodes presenting multiple nodules in a 46 years old man, which was confirmed by thoracoscopic biopsy.
Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Dust ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Pelvic actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative and granulomatous disease with multiple abscess and draining sinus tracts caused by Actinomyces, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-acid-fast bacterium. Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare disease, but it is more common with intrauterine device users than others. The symptoms and signs of pelvic actinomycosis are variable, from asymptomatic to mimicking the symptoms and signs of pelvic mass or acute peritonitis, and sometimes it is difficult to discriminate pelvic malignancy from actinomycosis. Identifying the typical "sulfur granule" with hematoxylin-eosin stain and detecting the actinomycotic colony in Gram stain may suggest the diagnosis. We have experienced a case of pelvic actinomycosis complicated by right tuboovarian abscess in a 39-year-old woman using intrauterine device and report it with brief review of literatures.
Abscess* ; Actinomyces ; Actinomycosis* ; Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Peritonitis ; Rare Diseases

Pelvic actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative and granulomatous disease with multiple abscess and draining sinus tracts caused by Actinomyces, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-acid-fast bacterium. Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare disease, but it is more common with intrauterine device users than others. The symptoms and signs of pelvic actinomycosis are variable, from asymptomatic to mimicking the symptoms and signs of pelvic mass or acute peritonitis, and sometimes it is difficult to discriminate pelvic malignancy from actinomycosis. Identifying the typical "sulfur granule" with hematoxylin-eosin stain and detecting the actinomycotic colony in Gram stain may suggest the diagnosis. We have experienced a case of pelvic actinomycosis complicated by right tuboovarian abscess in a 39-year-old woman using intrauterine device and report it with brief review of literatures.
Abscess* ; Actinomyces ; Actinomycosis* ; Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Peritonitis ; Rare Diseases

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled cohort study OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) between two different types of implants. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The problem of correction loss has been reported with VATS, and different screws and rods have been developed to overcome this problem. Different implants will have varying effects in correctional outcome after VATS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 39 cases of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis treated with VATS between June 2001 and January 2005 were included in the study (mono-axial screws and a 4.5 mm rod: thin rod group=19 cases; poly-axial reduction screws and a 5.5 mm diameter rod: thick rod group=20 cases). All patients were followed for over 2 years postoperatively. For the comparison of surgical outcomes between the two groups, radiographic measurements were performed in the coronal and sagittal planes. RESULTS: Preoperative scoliosis angle (thin rod group 49.8degrees, thick rod group 47.1degrees), age, BMI, Risser stage, union time, operative time, and blood loss showed no statistical difference between the two groups. Postoperative average correction rate of scoliosis angle was 69% (15.8degrees) in the thin rod group and 70% (14.1degrees) in the thick rod group. However, correction rate after 2 years was 51% (24.5degrees) in the thin rod group and 60% (18.7degrees) in the thick rod group, showing statistically significant difference. There was a tendency toward correction loss in the thin rod group (8.7degrees vs. 4.6degrees p=0.0057). CONCLUSION: Postoperative correction rate was satisfactory in both groups. However, the thin rod group showed substantial correction loss. Therefore, poly-axial screws and thick rods are more suitable in VATS correction of scoliosis.
Adolescent ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Prospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR imaging findings and the usefulness of MR imaging in the diagnosis and followup of leukoencephalopathy following CNS prophylaxis therapy in pediatric leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the MR imaging findings of eight children with white matter abnormalities on MR out of seventeen acute leukemic patients with various neuropsychiatric symptoms who received intrathecal methotrexate administration, with or without cranial irradiation. In all cases, initial MR was performed within a week of the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Follow-up MR was performed one to sixteen months after initial study, and the MR imaging findings were compared with the initial findings. RESULTS: The initial MR imaging findings were classified into three categories: focal or multifocal white matter abnormalities (3/8), and diffuse white matter abnormalities without enhancement (3/8), and diffuse white matter abnormalities with enhancement (2/8). At follow-up MR, diffuse or focal atrophic changes were noted in all children. White matter abnormalities improved in two out of three patients with focal or multifocal white matter abnormalities. In five with diffuse white matter abnormalities, the extent of these showed no significant change, but contrast enhancement was markedly reduced in two children in whom diffuse white matter abnormalities with enhancement had been demonstrated. CONCLUSION: In pediatric leukemia, the MR imaging findings of leukoencephalopathy following CNS prophylaxis therapy are variable, but are specific with the clinical history of neuropsychiatric symptoms after intrathecal methotrexate administration, with or without cranial irradiation. The MR imaging is valuable in the diagnosis and follow-up of leukoencephalopathy following CNS prophylaxis therapy in pediatric leukemia.
Child ; Cranial Irradiation ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Leukoencephalopathies* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methotrexate ; Retrospective Studies

Using vacuous chewing movement(VCM) of rats as a possible animal model for tardive dyskinesia(TD), we tried to investigate the effects of haloperidol decanoate treatment on the rat brain: VCM(+) incidence, and morphological and neurochemical effect in the VCM(+) group. In our study, there were three treatment schedules of vehicle or haloperidol decanoate: 4, 7 or 9 total number of injections of vehicle or haloperidol decanoate were administered over 9, 18 or 24 weeks, respectively, with an injection given every 3 weeks. We rated VCM scores of rats at each injection time. Haloperidol groups were then further divided into VCM(-) rats and VCM(+) rats according to their VCM scores. Afterward, VCM(+) incidence was obtained in each haloperidol group. As time of neuroleptic treatment increased, the VCM scores and incidence of VCM(+) were found to be increased. All of the control, VCM(+) and VCM(-) rats were sacrificed to determine if treatments had morphological and neurochemical effects in the brain. Density of medium-sized neurons and levels of GABA in the striatum were reduced in the VCM(+) group 3 with total 9 injections given, compared to either VCM(-) group 3 or control group 3. These results suggest that hypofunction of GABAnergic neurons is associated with the development of VCM and possibly, TD.
Animals ; Appointments and Schedules ; Brain* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Glutamic Acid ; Haloperidol* ; Incidence ; Mastication ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Rats*