Objective: The reliability and validity of a scale to evaluate the supportive functions of community-based self-help groups (SHGs) for cancer survivors, which was named the Evaluation of Supportive Functions Scale (ESFS) was investigated. Moreover, factors related to the evaluation of supportive functions were identified. Methods: An anonymous, self-administered survey comprised of items related to the background, evaluation of supportive functions of SHGs, and participation status (frequency of participation, satisfaction with participation, and types of activities undertaken) was conducted with members of SHGs for cancer survivors (n=1,350). Valid responses (573 valid responses, 42.4%) were analyzed and ESFS was developed based on the responses. Results: The 21-item ESFS had excellent internal consistency. Factor analyses revealed a 4-factor solution of internally consistent subscales: Learning, Helping each other, Social involvement and Catalyst for personal growth. There was a significant relationship between participants' evaluation of supportive functions of SHGs with gender, role in the SHGs and type of cancer. The subscales were significantly related to the frequency of participation, satisfaction, and the type and range of activities that were undertaken. Conclusions: ESFS can measure participants' recognition of the utility of SHGs. We have discussed the practical applications of the scale as a tool for measuring the effectiveness of SHGs.

Introduction: Tramadol (TRM) has been included as a weak opioid at the second step of the WHO analgesic ladder and has been widely used in palliative medicine. Here we report a case of amelioration of cancer pain by TRM therapy in a female patient with myasthenia gravis (MG). Case:The patient was a 70’s woman who was diagnosed with advanced endometrial carcinoma and suffered from chest pain caused by chest metastasis. 25 mg of a TRM capsule was orally administered three times a day. The dose was increased to 50 mg twice a day. It was resulted in sound pain relief with transient muscle weakness but without a myasthenic crisis.