OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Qingyi Granule (QYG) on high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) expressions in liver and renal tissues of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.

METHODSFifty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the sham-operation (SO) group, the SAP group, and the QYG group according to random digits table. Rats in the SAP group were induced by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate (STC). Liver and renal pathological changes were observed by HE staining. Serum contents of amylase (AMS), MDA, IL-1, and HMGB1 were detected by ELISA. HMGB1 protein expressions in liver and renal tissues were tested by immunohistochemistry. HMGB1 mRNA expressions in liver and renal tissues were detected by reversed transcription PCR.

RESULTSThe pathological scores, serum levels of AMS, MDA, IL-1 and HMGB1, and protein and mRNA HMGB1 expressions in liver and renal tissues were increased more obviously in the SAP group than in the SO group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). All of them could be down-regulated by QYG intervention, with the most significant effect seen at 72 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in a time-effect relationship.

CONCLUSIONSHMGB1 participated in SAP complicated liver and renal injuries. QYG could effectively inhibit HMGB1 expressions, thereby attenuating SAP complicated liver and renal injuries.

Amylases ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1 ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taurocholic Acid

This article was aimed to investigate the effect of theXin-Jiang-Tang(XJT) Granules on activity of hepatic glycometabolic key enzymes and liver function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group with 8 rats fed with normal diet, and other rats in the model group fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks. And then, STZ (40 mg·kg-1) was peritoneally injected once to induce T2DM rat model. The model rats were randomly divided into the T2DM model group, metformin (0.15 g·kg-1) group, and high-dose (12.64 g·kg-1) and low-dose (6.32 g·kg-1) XJT Granules group. The intragastric administration was given once a day for 8 weeks. After 8-week intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hepatic glycogen, serum ALT, AST, ALP,γ-GT and the activity of HK, PFK, PK, and G6PDH were detected. The results showed that comparing with the model group, XJT Granules group can obvious reduce FBG, FINS, HOME-IR, HbA1c and liver function indexes such as ALT, AST, ALP,γ-GT levels (P < 0.05,P < 0.01), increase the content of hepatic glycogen (P < 0.01), and the activity of HK, PFK, PK and G6PDH (P < 0.05,P < 0.01). It was conclude that XJT Granules can remarkably regulate glycometabolism of diabetic model rats and the regulatory mechanism may be associated with the increasing of HK, PFK, PK and G6PDH activity, promoting the synthesis of hepatic glycogen, improving liver function, downregulating FINS level, improving insulin resistance and eventually decreasing the level of FBG and HbA1c of T2DM rats.

COVID-19 ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefbupera-zone in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods The study was designed as an open, randomized, self-control study.12 subjects were received 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g of cefbuperazone, respectively. Cefbuperazone was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. WinNonlin 5.2.1 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results Linear range of cefbuperazone was 2 -250 μg? mL-1 .The main pharmacokinetic parameters of three doses(1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g) of cefbu-perazone were as follows: Cmax were (81.74 ±15.95),(145.47 ±42.22), (198.16 ±36.03)μg? mL-1, tmax were (1.01 ±0.03),(1.02 ±0.04), (1.01 ±0.03), t1/2 were (1.80 ±0.30),(1.88 ±0.31),(1.74 ±0.27), AUC0-t were (136.37 ±43.31), (263.74 ±93.95), (335.76 ±68.47)μg? mL-1? h, respectively. Urinary recovery rate with 16 h was ( 45.24 ±17.50 )%, ( 48.27 ± 15.18 )%, ( 40.82 ± 14.24 )%. Conclusion The characteristic of cefbuperazone is linear.

Objective To investigate the perception and willingness of patients on individualized medication of voriconazole,to discuss the factors influencing patients' decision-making,and to support the development of the practice guideline for individualized medication of voriconazole.Methods A cross-sectional study involving various types of patients in 9 hospitals was conducted by questionnaire to evaluate the perception and willingness on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole and CYP2C19 genotype testing.Results A total of 119 patients were involved,including 24 (20.17％) children.Ninety five (79.83 ％) patients thought voriconazole TDM was necessary during the treatment of fungal infections.There was a significant difference on preference towards voriconazole TDM between patients who had received voriconazole TDM,before and patients who had never taken voriconazole TDM (100％ vs 75.76％,P ＜ 0.05).Fifty four patients (45.38％) agreed on CYP2C19 gene test.For this question,there was a significant difference among patients with different types of medicare (P ＜ 0.05).The ranking of factors that contributed to the 2 decision-making was consistent (P ＜0.05).The clinical efficacy was the most important factor (mean rank 3.46 and 3.87,respectively),while cost (mean rank 1.89) and potential benefit (mean rank 2) was the least important factor for the 2 decision-making,respectively.Conclusion There was a significant variance among different types of patients on preferences towards voriconazole TDM and CYP2C19 genotype testing,which should be considered for clinicians to make clinical decisions.The perception and willingness of patients should also be considered during the development of clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice.

Objective To obtain the physical anthropological characteristics of head and face of Tajik adults in Aketao, and to explore their ethnic origin through cluster analysis with other populations. Methods According to Anthropometric Method, 286 Tajik adults (male 121, female 165) in Aketao, Xinjiang were recruited and analyzed. The survey included 12 observation indicators of head and face, 19 measuring indicators of head and face, 12 indexes of head and face and its classification. Results The indicators of head length, head breadth, head height, minimum frontal breadth, face breadth, bigonial breadth, nose breadth, mouth breadth, auricular height, physiognomic facial height, morphological facial height, nasal length, nasal height, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, zygomatic protection, nasal root height, nasal profile, nasal base of Tajik adults in Aketao had gender differences (P < 0. 05). Compared with the Tajik adults in Aketao and Taxkorgan, the type indicators of head and face of zygomatic protection, direction of eyeslits, nasal root height, nasal base, maximal diameter of nostrils, lobe types, nreadth-height index of head type, morphological facial index type, nasal index type had regional differences (P<0. 05). The cluster analysis showed that Tajik adults have unique characteristics of head and face, which were grouped separately and were more similar to Iranians. Conclusion Tajik adults in Aketao have the characteristics of head and face of the West Eurasian. The characteristics of head and face of Tajik adults in Aketao and Taxkorgan are somewhat different. From characteristics of head and face, they may be related to the Eastern Iranian tribe.

Cultivated ginseng in the farmland would become the mainly planting mode of Panax ginseng. However,there are relatively few cultivation ginseng varieties for farmland in China. Correlative analysis of qualitity and agronomic traits of P. ginseng cultivation in the farmland could provide a reference for the selection of excellent germplasm and new variety breeding of P. ginseng. In this study,the main index of saponin and agronomic traits of 4-6 years' samples were analyzed by UPLC and measured. The results show that there was significant difference in agronomic indexes of Damaya. The coefficient of variation of the root length( CV = 41. 97%) and fresh weight( CV = 31. 81%) were maximum,and the coefficient of variation of the stems thickness( 16. 72%) and root thickness were minimum. There was a significant correlation between yield and root thickness( P<0. 05). There was significant difference in drug yield of different harvest years( P<0. 05),and the yield of 6-years was 31. 52%-39. 69% higher than 4-years. However,there wasn't significant difference in total ginsenosides between 4 and 6 years old P. ginseng,but there was significant difference in ginseng Rg2,Rc and Rb2( P<0. 05),and the ginsenoside contents of different harvesting years were accorded with the criterion standards of 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There was no significant correlation between the saponin and the agronomic trait,while there was positive correlation with root thickness( P < 0. 05). Therefore,the stem diameter was positive correlation with yield of P. ginseng. Selection of the stem thickness of seedlings is beneficial to the increase of the yield and breeding of P. ginseng.
China ; Crop Production ; Ginsenosides/analysis* ; Panax/chemistry* ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Roots/growth & development* ; Plant Stems/growth & development*