We report a successfully treated case of infectious endocarditis with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and double-chambered right ventricle. A 41-year-old man complained of dyspnea. Echocardiography showed his tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve had vegetation and severe regurgitation. He received treatment with antibiotics but it was not effective. He underwent TVR, AVR, pulmonary valve resection, VSD patch closure and RV abnormal muscle resection. Pathological findings of resected valves showed infectious endocarditis. He recovered uneventfully and resumed his original social activities.

In the previous report, we concluded that chances are very slim for Salithion and Sumithion to concentrate in rabbits as these organophosphorous compounds are excreted quickly. This conclusion was inferentially drawn from the results of measurements of concentration of Salithion and Sumithion residues in the blood after experimental exposures of rabbits to the pesticides.
In the present report, we will discuss the same toxicological problem based on our findings in a series of experiments using rabbits with hepatic disturbances induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄).
Rabbits were divided into three groups. One consists of rabbits having light hepatic disorder. They were subcutaneously injected with 0.1ml/kg of 20% CCl4 olive oil for three days consecutively. Under the second group come rabbits with moderate liver disturbance caused by the injection of 0.3 ml/kg of 20% CCl₄ olive oil. The injection was also made for three days. The remaining group is the control group.
These rabbits were administered orally with 5mg/kg and 20mg/kg of Smithion for three days running.
The examination covered (1) Sumithion residue level in the blood, (2) PNMC level in urine, (3) hepatic function (ChE, GOT, GPT, BSP, Al-P, BUN), (4) urinalysis and (5) histopathological examination of the liver and the kidney. The results of these tests were studied in comparison with those of the control group.
The following is a summary of our conclusion:
1) In the control group, Sumithion residues in the blood disappeared quickly, and could not be detected 72 hours after administration.
2) As far as the disappearance of Sumithion and the excretion of PNMC are concerned, there was no significant difference between the control and the light and moderate liver disturbance groups of rabbits.
3) In the rabbits with CCl₄-induced liver disturbances, it was noted that the administration of Sumithion impeded serum and red-cell ChE activities to a remarkable extent, and delayed the recovery of the liver function.
4) However, the liver disturbance did not deteriorate. The histological observation of the liver and the kidney did not reveal any abnormality due to the administration of Sumithion, either.

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but severe condition associated with high mortality. We encountered a patient with severe and rapidly progressing necrotizing fasciitis. Patient: A 40-year-old male was hit by a tractor and received a wide laceration wound spanning the length of his posterior thigh. Soon after the accident, the wound was washed and debridement was performed. Two days postoperatively, we observed septic changes in the wound and diagnosed this condition as necrotizing fasciitis. Consequently, the patient's leg was amputated at the thigh. The patient, however, developed toxic shock syndrome after the amputation. Endotoxin adsorption using a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column was performed for 2 days. Finally, a hip joint amputation was performed after 11 days, following which the patient's general condition gradually improved. Discussion: Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis should be initiated promptly. Early debridement is associated with a significant decrease in mortality. In severe conditions, endotoxin and cytokine removal by blood purification is one of the most effective treatments. Although group A streptococci are widely known as "flesh-eating bacteria," we should also consider a wide variety of pathogenic organisms to be the probable cause of severe necrotizing fasciitis. Conclusion: Management of necrotizing fasciitis requires careful investigation as well as an aggressive therapeutic approach, which may include urgent surgical intervention. In addition to surgery, endotoxin adsorption therapy should be considered.
Patients ; Fasciitis ; Endotoxins ; Therapeutic procedure ; Amputation

Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) numerical aberrations are independent prognostic indicators of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). High epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) copy number is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer, but such findings are controversial in oral SCCs (OSCCs). We analyzed copy number status in CCND1 and EGFR in OSCC patients and its association with clinical outcome.EGFR and CCND1 statuses were analyzed in 85 OSCC patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.CCND1 numerical aberration was found in 35 of 85 tumors (41%), and aberrant EGFR copy number was observed in 36 (42%). Gene amplification (GA) was dominant among CCND1 copy number changes (14/35:40%). Balanced trisomy (BT) was the most frequently observed EGFR aberration (17/36:47%). In a multivariate Cox's proportional hazards analysis, CCND1 GA was correlated with disease-free survival (P<0.001), whereas EGFR BT was significantly correlated with overall survival (P=0.001). Patients with a combination of CCND1 GA and/or EGFR BT had significantly poorer clinical outcome.CCND1 and EGFR copy number changes were frequent in OSCC and had differing aberration patterns. CCND1 GA and EGFR BT statuses by dual-color FISH were the predominant predictors of clinical outcome. Further investigation is needed to determine the implications for EGFR inhibitor therapy in OSCC.

A 62-year-old woman was admitted to a regional hospital for acute myocardial infarction. Emergency coronary angiography revealed occlusion of the first diagonal branch, and transesophageal echocardiography showed severe mitral regurgitation due to anterior papillary muscle rupture. She was transferred to our hospital in a state of cardiogenic shock despite the use of high-dose catecholamine and intra-aortic balloon pumping. We immediately performed mitral valve replacement. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and she was ambulatory when transferred to another hospital on foot on postoperative day 19. Physicians should be aware that fatal anterior papillary muscle rupture may be caused by isolated occlusion of the diagonal branch.

We encountered a case of hypercobalaminemia induced by oral intake of an energy drink after total gastrectomy. The patient was referred to our hospital due to findings suspicious for gastric cancer on screening. A 20 mm type 0-IIc lesion was detected in the gastric subcardia on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Total gastrectomy followed by Roux-en-Y reconstruction was performed. He was discharged without complications. His basal serum vitamin B₁₂ level was initially maintained with monthly intramuscular injections of vitamin B₁₂. After 9 months, his serum vitamin B₁₂ level suddenly increased up to 36-fold higher than the normal range and persisted there for one year without vitamin B₁₂ injections. The patient ultimately reported consuming half a bottle of an energy drink each day during this time period. This case demonstrates the risk of unexpected hypervitaminemia resulting from self-administration of nutritional supplements.

A 74-year-old woman presented to our hospital with complaints of dysphagia. On examination, we diagnosed extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm and esophageal compression due to a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. We planned a two-stage approach for repairing the extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm ; the first stage involving the repair of the ascending and arch segments, and the second stage involving the repair of the descending aorta. In the first stage, we performed the Bentall procedure and total arch replacement with a long elephant trunk. Following this, her dysphagia resolved, although the size of the descending aortic aneurysm was the same as that before the procedure (49 mm in diameter). We decided to treat her conservatively in the outpatient clinic without the second stage, because the descending aorta was asymptomatic and not sufficiently large. One year later, she presented with a sudden recurrence of dysphagia and swelling of buttocks. She was diagnosed with an expansion of the descending aortic aneurysm (62 mm in diameter) and a hematoma in the gluteal muscle due to aneurysm-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). After emergency admission, she underwent a successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair and was discharged following a smooth recovery from dysphagia and aneurysm-induced DIC. We report this case along with a review of the literature.

A 58-year old man without Marfan syndrome was referred to our hospital for congestive heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation. He had undergone sternal turnover with a rectus muscular pedicle for pectus excavatum 36 years previously. We were able to perform mitral valve repair via median sternotomy using a usual sternal retractor. There was no adhesion in the pericardium and the exposure of the mitral valve was excellent. We closed the chest in ordinary fashion without any problems in the fixation of the sternum or costal cartilage. There were no complications such as flail chest or respiratory failure.

We develop a theoretical framework for international cooperation that can be used for the elimination of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). The framework is based on the similarities in the temporal patterns of asbestos use and occurrence of ARDs in diverse countries. The status of each nation can be characterized by observing asbestos use and ARD frequency therein using a time window. Countries that supply technology for prevention of ARDs can be classified as donors and countries that receive these technologies as recipients. We suggest identification of three levels of core preventative technologies. Development of a common platform to gather and manage core preventative technologies will combine the strengths of donor countries and the needs of recipient countries.
Asbestos ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Tissue Donors

The patch test is the most reliable method for diagnosing a metal allergy. However, interpretation of patch test results depends on the experience of the investigator and on the conditions of the individual patient. In the case of patch tests for metal salts, irritant reactions such as pustular or follicular reactions are quite common. Therefore, one must be careful not to interpret irritant reactions as allergic responses, and objective standards to evaluate erythema in patch tests need to be established.In the present study, we attempted to objectively evaluate patch test results for metal salts using an erythema index meter. We used the Erythema Index Difference (EID) (patch test site erythema index (EI) minus the mean EI of healthy skin outside the patch test area and at the unit tape site) rather than the EI itself in order to eliminate the effects of the patch test unit and individual differences. We measured the EID over time in patients with suspected metal allergies to various metals. Significant differences in EID were observed among ++ assessments, + assessments and irritant reactions based on International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) standards. In considering changes in EID over time, allergic and irritant reactions can be discriminated with high sensitivity (73.3%) and specificity (91.2%).These results suggest that the measurement of erythema over time with an erythema index meter is useful for the objective assessment of metal patch test reactions.