OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the3pharmacotherapeutic schemes for essential hypertension by pharmacoeconomic method.METHODS:143out-patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into3groups:group A(n=47)re?ceived Losartan K50mg q.d.;group B(n=48)Captopril25mg b.i.d.;group C(n=48)Losartan K50mg q.d.+Hy?drochlorothiazide25mg q.d..All3groups were treated for4weeks and the effects and ADRs were observed,data was evaluated with the pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis method.RESULTS:The effective rate of group C was markedly higher than those of other two groups(P0.05),and group C was also the lowest in C/E and?C/?E.CONCLUSION:Scheme C is the best one.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane on baroreflex sensitivity ( BRS ) during induced hypotension and to illucidate the mechanism of isoflurane-induced hypotension. Methods Fifteen female ASA I or II patients aged 13-16 yrs undergoing scoliosis surgery were studied. The patients were unpremedicated. Radial artery and internal jugular vein were cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring. EGG, BP and SpO2 were continuously monitored before and during anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.04 mg? kg-1 , fentanyl 2 ?g? kg-1 and propofol 2 mg? kg-1 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 1 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane inhalation and fentanyl infusion (0.4?g?kg-1?h-1). Nitroglycerin (NTG) was infused at 1 ?g?kg-1 ?min-1 at the beginning of surgery to control MAP at 55-65 mm Hg and esmolol 20 mg was given i. v. to control HR 0.8. BRS was measured before induction of anesthesia (T1), immediately after intubation (T2), when end-tidal concentration of isoflurane reached 0.7% (T3 , supine) (T4 , prone), when end-tidal concentration of isoflurane reached 1.3% (T5) , at 30 min after NTG infusion and esmolal bolus injection were stopped (T6) when end-tidal concentration of isoflurane was decreased to 0.7 % (prone, T7 ) and immediately after the patients were turned supine (T8 ) . Results When end-tidal isoflurane concentration reached 1.6%, the desired level of hypotension could be maintained without NTG infusion and esmolol injection. BRS gradually decreased with increasing end-tidal isoflurane concentration. BRS was the lowest at 30 min after termination of NTG infusion and esmolol bolus injection. Conclusion Isoflurane depresses BRS and BRS depression may be involved in the mechanism of isoflurane-induced hypotension.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of propofol on coronary circulation of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion inury. Metbod: 18 hybrid dogs (11-14kg) were divided randomly into three groups:NS group (normal saline, 2ml?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)), HP group (high-dose propofol, 11.2mg?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)), LP group (low-dose propofol, 5.6mg?kg~(-1) ?b~(-1)). These dogs were subjected to 90 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusions followed by 200 min of reperfusions. Before administration, 60 min after administration, 60min, 120min, 180min following reperfusion,coronary circulation was assessed by measurement of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and blood flow of LAD. Result: The values of CPP in HP and LP groups 60 minafter administration were significantly lower than those in NS group before LAD occlusion (P

objective:To evaluate the effeets of Propofol on left ventrieular funetion of aeute myoeardial isehemia-reperfusion injury in eane.Method:Eighteen hybrid dogs(11一14kg)were divided randomly inro three groups:NSgroup(norrnal saline,Zml?kg一l?h一1),HP group(high一dose propofol,11.Zmg?kg一1?h一1),LP group(low一dosepropofol,5.6mg?kg一'?h一').These dogs were subjeeted to a 90一min left anterior deseending eoronary artery oeelu-5 ion followed by 200min of rePerfusion.Before ad而nistrat一on,60min after administration,at oeelusion一90min and60min.12Ornin and180min壬ollowing reperfusion left ventrieular funetion was assessed by measurement of LVSP,LVEDP,dp/dtmax and dP/dtmin.Result:Compared with the baselines,LVSP,dp/dtmax and dP/dtmin 60 min afteradrninistration deereased byg%,17%and 17%respeetively,LVEDP inereased by 80%in HP grouP.120min and180min during reperfusion LVSP.dp/dtmaxanddp/dtmininHPandLPgroupweresignifiea八tlyhigherthanthoseinNs group。.05),LvEDP signifieantly lower than that in NS group(p

AIM: To study the effect of partial liquid ventilation on the ultrastructure of pulmonary surfactant(PS) system in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury METHODS: The effect of partial liquid ventilation on the ultrastructure of PS system in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury was observed with electronmicroscope histochemistry. RESULTS: There was ultrastructure impairment of PS system in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury, the pulmonary surfactant layer was discontinuous, lamellar bodies and plasmosomes in type Ⅱ pneumonocytes vacuolated, and a few of them were even necrotized and disrupted into the alveolar space. The pulmonary surfactant layer was still continuous, the vacuolation of lamellar bodies and plasmosomes in type Ⅱ pneumonocytes was little with partial liquid ventilation. CONCLUSION: Partial liquid ventilation can lessen the impairment of PS system in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats.

【Objective】To explore a method for the establishment of animal model of coronary heart disease(CHD) with the blending of phlegm and blood stasis.【Methods】Methods of TCM-WM combination(traditional Chinese medicine integrated with western medicine) and disease-syndrome combination were used to establish a model.The model was evaluated by the changes of symptoms,signs and laboratory indexes and by the effect of blood-stasis-removing and phlegm-resolving herbs on the model.Sixty Wistar rats were randomized into normal group,model group,low-dose herbal medicine group and high-dose herbal medicine group.The normal group was fed with routine forage and normal saline,and the other three groups with high-fat forage and fat milk(10mL?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)).Low-and high-dose herbal medicine groups were given Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction in the dosages of 12 and 24 10g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)respectively by gastric gavage,and the model group given the same volume of normal saline for 7 consecutive weeks.Coronary artery ligation was performed in the 35~(th) day.The changes of electrocardiogram(ECG) were observed before and after the modeling,and blood lipid,myocardial enzymes and hemorrheological parameters were determined.The heart weight was examined to calculate heart index.【Results】ECG in the model group indicated severe myocardial ischemia,which may be relieved by herbal medicine.Serum contents of cholesteril,tryglyceride and creatine kinase(CK),whole blood viscosity,hematocrit and heart index were obviously increased in the model group,while the above indexes decreased to different degrees in herbal medicine groups (P

Objective To explore differently expressed proteins in serum samples obtained from Deficit Schizophrenia as well as Non‐Deficit Schizophrenia patients with proteomic techniques .Methods Make the comparative study of serum proteins between DS and NDS patients with two‐dimensional electrophoresis .The screened proteins were identified by mass spectrometer .Results Dur‐ing 18 differently expressed protein points screened in this study ,15 proteins were identified by mass spectrometer .Among of them , 12 proteins are up‐regulated while 3 proteins are down‐regulated in DS patients group .Conclusion It′s the first time to make the comparative study of serum protein profiles between DS and NDS patients by proteomic analysis .We expect that this study will contribute to better understanding of the pathophysiology of DS and explore the potential disease‐associated biomarker ,improve the future study for clinical medication of schizophrenia .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of total saponins of Man medicine Thladiantha dubia root(TSTR)on the ex-pressions of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats with type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA),and explore its mecha-nism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). METHODS:8 rats were taken as normal control group(NC group),the others 72 rats were injected mixture of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant in tail and back to induce CIA model. The 50 modeled rats were randomly divided into model group(MC group),tripterygium polyglycoside(TG)group(12 mg/kg,posi-tive control),TSTR low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (20,40,80 mg/kg),10 in each group. Rats in medicine groups were intragastrically administrated for 35 d,once a day;rats in NC group and MC group were intragastrically administrated equal volume of distilled water. Ankle swelling degree of rats was determined,arthritis indexes were calculated,HE staining was used to observe the lesions in synovial tissue,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats. RESULTS:After 35 d of administration,ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,CD4+ expression in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in MC group were significantly higher than NC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),expressions of CD3+, CD8+were significantly lower than NC group(P<0.05);and there was congestion and massive inflammatory cell infiltration in sy-novial tissue. The ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,expression of CD4+ in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in administra-tion groups were significantly lower than MC group(P<0.05);the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ in spleen tissue in administration groups were significantly higher than MC group (P<0.05);TG group,TSTR medium-dose and high-dose groups showed mild congestion and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial tissue of rats,and TSTR low-dose group showed no ob-vious congestion or inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS:Up-regulating the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ and down-regu-lating the expression of CD4+ may be one of the mechanisms of TSTR in the treatment of RA;and with best efficacy when the TSTR dose of 20 mg/kg.

ObjectiveTo investigate current status and demand of continous general practice (GP) education in Shanghai.Methods Two hundred and twenty general practitioners from 10 community health service centers of Shanghai underwent a questionnaire survey.Chi-square test was used for data analysis.ResultsThe effective response rate was 96.57％(212/220).About 87 percent of the participants considered continous GP education was helpful.Nearly 55 percent of the participants were satisfied withcurrentcontinousGP education.Unsatisfaction withcontinuing GP education,wishto reparticipate continous GP education,expected method and content of training were partly related to professional title and age.Ninety-seven percent of the participants thought the assessment of continuous GP education should include clinical practical capability evaluation.Conclusion The present continous GP education in Shanghai is not matched with GP's demand.Continous GP education should meet different needs of general practioners in different ways.

Objective To investigate the effect of laparoscope combined with ureteroscope for the treatment of hepatolithus. Methods 98 patients were randomly divided into two groups:the study group(laparoscope combined with ureteroscope group) and the control group (the open surgery group). The mean blood loss, the recovery of the stomach and intestines function, hospital stay and the rate of complications were observed. Results Compared with the open surgery group,the mean blood loss,the recovery of the stomach and intestines function,and hospital stay in the study group had statistically significant difference (all P＜0. 05). Compared with the open surgery group, the time of surgery and the patients carryingT tubes in the study group had statistically significant difference (all P＜0. 05). Compared with the open surgery group, the rate of gallstone removal、the rate of gallstone residual and the rate of injures in the study group had no statistically significant difference(all P＞0. 05). Conclusion Laparoscope combined with ureteroscope in patients with hepatolithus had the advantage of less trauma, faster postoperative recovery and fewer complications. It was safe and effective,so it was worth to recommend its clinical use.