Objective To study the temporal changes of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells and surfactant pro-tein A in young rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaecharide. Method Totally 110 SD young rats (male:53, female : 57) were randomly divided into ALI and normal control groups (six subgroups in each group).LPS(4 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally in ALI group. The same amount of normal saline was given in the con-trol groups. Eight rats in each subgroup were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after the injection.Lung samples were taken for transmission electron microscope examination. RT-PCR was epmloyed for the mea-surement of SP-A mRNA. Western blot was used for the detection of SP-A in the lung tissue. ANOVA and homo-geneity of variance test were performed by SPSS 12.0. Results The microvilli disappeared at 24 hours after the injection of LPS. The number of lamellar body (LBs) was provisionality increased at 24 hours and 48 hours. The ring-like an'angement of LBs around nucleus and the giant LB with vacuole-like deformity were found as the main characteristics of AEC- Ⅱ in ALI at 48 hours. The number of LBs reduced and broken and residual LB remained at 72 hours. SP-A elevated greatly from 24 to 48 hours (P < 0.01), reached peak at 36 hours (6.94 ± 0.80, P <0.01),reached the lowest level(3.87 ±0.50, P <0.01)at 72 hours. Conclusions The pathological changes of AEC-Ⅱ and SP-A in lung tissue wiht ALI are time-dependent. The typical alterations of AEC- Ⅱ occurs at 48 hours accompanied by the compensatory increase of SP-A. AEC- Ⅱ is seriously injuried with the typical changes of LBs and the diminishing of SP-A in lung tissue.

Objectives To investigate the incidence of brain injuri in premature infants in ten hospitals of seven large cities in China sponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association. Methods All premature infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks in ten hospitals were given routine cranial ultrasound within three days of birth, and then repeated every 3-7 days till the discharge from the hospital during January 2005 to August 2006. Results Incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and severe IVH were 10.8% (406/3 768) and 2.4% (92/3 768) with 22.6% (92/406) for grade 1, 54.7% (222/406) for grade 2, 17.2% (70/406) for grade 3 and 5.4% (22/406) for grade 4 in nine hospitals; incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cystic PVL were 2.3% (112/4 933) and 0.3% (16/4 933) with 85.7% (96/112) for grade 1, 12.5% (14/112) for grade 2, and 1.8% (2/112) for grade 3 including all ten hospitals, respectively. Risk factors associated with increased severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR = 1.874, 95% CI = 1.172 - 2.997, P < 0.01), perinatal asphyxia (OR = 1.598, 95% CI = 1.077 - 2.372, P < 0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.988, 95% CI= 2.448 -6.948, P< 0.01), and amniotic fluid contamination (OR = 2.192, 95% CI = 1.054 - 4.544, P< 0.05). Risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL were vaginal delivery (OR = 1.400, 95% CI = 1.186 - 1.652, P < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.000, 95% CI = 1.015 - 8.864, P < 0.05). Conclusions These data reflect basically the prevalence of brain injuriy in premature infants in major cities of China. However, more than 60% of population lives in the rural area, further multicenter investigation including the rural area is expected to be undertaken in future.

Objective To analyze the effect of “pillars” in vertebral bodies and balloon expansion of convex forming in treatment of elderly thoracolumbar compression fractures. Methods A total of 150 cases with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients from January 2012 to June 2013 were divided into two groups based on ran-domly, the experimental group were given "pillar" block while the control group received balloon expansion of convex forming method, the effect of two groups were observed. Results Compared the operation time and blood loss of surgery patients between the experimental group and the control group, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). 24 h pain visual class of experimental group was better than the score of control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion"Pillar" block in vertebral bodies and balloon expansion after convex forming method have little influence in elderly patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures, and each has advantages, should make choices according to the specific condition of patients.

Background: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder with a large number of hyperkeratotic nodules. The precise mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain unknown. PN has been linked to atopic dermatitis (AD), but its association remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of patients with PN and PN underlying AD (PN-AD). Methods: Eight patients were recruited for PN, PN-AD, and eight normal subjects, respectively. Skin tissues were obtained from patients and healthy subjects for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Histological examination showed increased epidermal thickness and dermal inflammatory cell counts in the PN-AD and PN groups compared to normal subjects. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-18, IL-31, IL-33, interferon (IFN)-γ, stromal-derived factor (SDF) 1-α and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was increased in the tissues of PN-AD and PN groups, in which the staining intensities of IL-4, IL-13, SDF1-α and TSLP in the PN-AD group were higher than those in the PN group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, the staining intensities of IL-18, IL-33 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the PN group than those in the PN-AD group. Conclusion The pathogenesis of PN may differ from that of PN-AD, in which IL-18, IL-33 and IFN-γ may be associated, implying that epidermal injury is the initial cause of IL-18 and IL-33 induction, which then increases IFN-γ, resulting in the inflammatory process of PN.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals (12-33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group (LG) or a placebo group (PG) (1:1). The LG received LLLT (810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), cold detection thresholds (CDTs), warmth detection thresholds (WDTs), cold pain thresholds (CPTs), and heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group (P = 0.01). The CDTs, CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG (P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the non-treatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG (P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment. Further clinical applications are suggested.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; physiology ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; adverse effects ; Toothache ; etiology ; radiotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult