In re-cent 20 years, the development of cell biology technology has promoted the research of keloid. Keloid fibroblasts (KFbs) are the main effector cells in keloid, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of keloid. It is significantly different in terms of biological characteristics and gene expression between KFbs and normal fibroblasts. This articles reviews the characteristics of KFbs from multiple perspectives, describing its biological character- istics in details including microstructures, metabolic character- istics, and proliferation properties, and introducing the main characteristics of heterogeneity and genomics of KFbs. The further research on KFbs will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of keloids and provide valuable strategies for the prevention and treatment of keloids.
Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Humans ; Keloid/pathology*

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical classification method of keloids and providing a thread for the treatment of keloids.

METHODSTo summarize the 600 cases of keloid patients we accepted and diagnosed from November 2004 to October 2012, and filling in keloid patients information sheet, recording the keloids form by photographs, analyzing the treatment, putting forward the classification method of keloids in clinic.

RESULTSAccording to the position and quantity that keloids grow, the keloid patients are divided into four major categories:one in single site, one in each site, more than one in single site and more than one in each site; According to the area and thickness of keloids, the keloid single lesion is divided into four subclasses: type of small area and thin, type of small area and thick, type of large areas and thin,type of large areas and thick; According to the number of lesions, keloid multiple lesions is divided into two subgenera: isolated multiple and dispersion multiple, different kinds of keloids suit different methods of treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical classification method of keloids can be used to provide thought for the treatment of keloids, and have a good application value.

Humans ; Keloid ; classification ; pathology ; therapy

Keloid is a kind of pathological scar of skin, which would seriously impair patient's quality of life. But until today, no reliable theory to explain the development of keloid has been established. Recent studies have found that toll-like receptors plays an important role in the formation of keloid. This article reviews the advances in the research of toll-like receptors making contribution to the pathogenesis of keloid. Further researches could lead to a new strategy in treating keloid.
Animals ; Humans ; Keloid ; pathology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether there are abnormal fibroblasts derived from the surrounding skin of keloids so that a more accurate therapy for keloids could be obtained.

METHODSSamples were taken for cell culture. When primary cells fully covered the culture bottle, the shape and distributing characteristics of fibroblasts were observed under the light microscope. 6-8 passage fibroblasts were selected for comparing the proliferating activity by MTT contrasting color method.

RESULTSThe fibroblasts have the same shape in all groups. But the fibroblasts derived from the surrounding skin grow crossly and overlapped just as the fibroblasts from keloids. The proliferating activity of the fibroblasts from surrounding skin is not as high as that from the border of keloids, but is higher than the normal skin fibroblasts derived either from a normal person or a patient with keloid.

CONCLUSIONIt is likely that there are abnormal fibroblasts in the surrounding skin of keloids.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; pathology ; Humans ; Keloid ; pathology ; Male ; Skin ; pathology

Keloid refers to the damaged skin due to excessive fibroblast proliferation. Ear is one predilection site. The pathogenesis of ear keloid is not very clear, and the treatment is also varied. Surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and laser treatment, steroid hormones, pressure therapy are the basic treatment methods. Integrated application of a variety of treatments, classification research and new materials using revealed the prospect for the treatment of the disease. This thesis reviews literature about ear keloid in recent 10 years, and introduces this disease and clinical research progress.
Cell Proliferation ; Ear ; pathology ; Ear Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans ; Keloid ; pathology

PURPOSE: To describe a case of unilateral corneal keloid and present the clinical and histopathological findings and the management. METHODS: A 23-year-old Asian male patient was examined for a white spot on the left cornea that had been present since birth. On biomicroscopic examination, a well-demarcated vascularized corneal mass was found located nasal to the center. The pupil was displaced superiorly, and gonioscopic examination showed peripheral iridocorneal adhesion at 12 o'clock. The patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty. RESULTS: Histopathologic study showed a variously thickened epithelial layer, an absence of Bowman's layer, subepithelial fibrovascular hyperplasia, and an absence of dermal elements. These histopathologic findings suggested a congenital corneal keloid. The central graft cornea remained clear at 18 months after surgery and the patient was satisfied with the result. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating keratoplasty may be an effective surgical option for congenital keloids in young adult patients.
Adult ; Corneal Diseases/*congenital/*pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Keloid/*congenital/*pathology/surgery ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of reproduce hypertrophic scar and keloid in nude mice in the study of pathological scars.

METHODSPieces (0.8 x 0.8 x 0.5 cm) of hypertrophic scars and keloids were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of the nude mice for 16 days, during this period the gross condition of the nude mice and the state of the implants were observed. The implants were extracted after 16 days, and the volume, the microscopic characteristics of the scar, the content of acid mucopolysaccharide, and different types of collagen were determined and compared with that of the original specimens.

RESULTSAll mice survived with nice wound healing after the surgery. There was no obvious difference in the acid mucopolysaccharide content in keloid and hyperplastic scar before implantation (3448 +/- 1452, 1940 +/- 509), and after implantation (3237 +/- 1871, 1809 +/- 552, P > 0.05). The implants maintained the collagen pattern, with no signs of cell degeneration and necrosis.

CONCLUSIONThis experiment showed that the viability and morphology of hypertrophic scars and keloids were maintained after they were implanted in nude mice. Therefore it is feasible to use nude mice as the animal model in the study of hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Animals ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Keloid ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of the principle and clinical application of keloid core excision technique. METHODS: The literature on keloid core excision technique at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the principle, development history, indications, advantages and disadvantages of this technique were summarized, and the existing controversies were analyzed. RESULTS: Keloid core excision is a technique to remove the inner fibrous core from the keloid and cover the defect with the keloidal flap. It reduces the wound tension, yields good aesthetic results in the treatment of ear keloids, and reduces the recurrence rate of keloids combining with adjuvant therapies. CONCLUSION The keloid core excision technique has specific advantages, yet its overall efficacy remains controversial. Further studies are imperative to explore the mechanisms regarding keloid recurrence and the vascular supply principles of the keloidal flap. It is also necessary to define appropriate surgical indications and safety protocols of this technique.
Humans ; Keloid/pathology* ; Recurrence ; Surgical Flaps/pathology* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of conditioned medium from keloid fibroblasts under hypoxia on angiogenesis, and to investigate the role of hypoxic microenvironment in invasive growth of keloid.

METHODSPrimary keloid fibroblasts and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured as conventional method. Keloid fibroblasts were cultured either in a hypoxic incubator (2% O2) for 48 h or in a normoxic incubator (20% O2) as control. Then those cell culture mediums were collected and mixed with endothelial cell medium by the proportion of 1:1 as conditioned medium. The mRNA and secreted protein of pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and periostin of keloid fibroblasts under hypoxia were detected by real time PCR and ELISA. The proliferation, migration and invasion, tube formation of HUVEC cultured with conditioned medium were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and matrigel tube formation assay, respectively.

RESULTSHypoxia increased the expression of VEGF, Ang-1 and periostin in both mRNA (increased by 75%, 43% and 118% respectively, P < 0.05) and secreted protein (increased by 30.2%, 14.2% and 19.5% respectively, P < 0.05) levels; the proliferations of HUVEC in hypoxic conditioned medium in 1, 2 and 3 d were 0.67 +/- 0.07, 0.84 +/- 0.09 and 1.08 +/- 0.10 respectively, which were higher compared to those in control group (0.52 +/- 0.08, 0.72 +/- 0.10 and 0.91 + 0.14, P < 0.05); the numbers of migration, invasion and tube formation of HUVEC were (73.2 +/- 8.9), (56.3 +/- 12.5), (9.66 +/- 1.96) cells/HP, which were higher compared to those in control group [(59.0 +/- 8.0), 35.5 +/- 8.5), (6.5 +/- 1.87) cells/HP, P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSHypoxia increases the expression of pro-angiogenic factors of keloid fibroblasts, and its conditioned medium under hypoxia could promote angiogenesis. The results suggest hypoxic microenvironment may play a significant role in the invasive growth of keloid by inducing angiogenesis.

Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Keloid ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic

Ear, External ; pathology ; Humans ; Keloid ; drug therapy ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; therapeutic use ; Triterpenes ; therapeutic use