OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of real time recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) monitoring and conventional exposure during thyroid operation by Meta analysis. METHOD: The published articles of randomized controlled clinical trials were searched in data bases to compare the therapeutic outcomes of using real-time RLN monitoring and conventional exposure in thyroid surgery. The quality of the searched original studies was assessed and the outcomes which are in line with the requirements were analyzed. RESULT: Six articles met the inclusion criteria, which contained 12,646 RLN in total. There were 5,535 cases in the RLN monitoring group and 7,111 cases in the conventional exposure group. The results of Meta analysis showed that: the transient injury rate of the RLN in the monitoring group (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.49-0.73, P<0.01) was lower than that in the conventional exposure group, but the permanent injury rate of the RLN in two groups had no statistical difference (OR=0.90, 95 % CI= 0.57-1.40, P>0.05). The RLN identification rate also had no statistical difference between the two groups (OR=9.79, 95% CI=0.17-548. 64, P>0.05). CONCLUSION The transient injury rate of the RLN is lower in the monitoring group than that in conventional exposure group, but the permanent injury rate and the RLN identification rate had no statistical difference between the two groups. The intraoperative nerve monitoring was useful in the prevention of the RLN injury in thyroid surgery.
Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Parathyroid Glands ; Quality of Life ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries ; prevention & control ; Thyroid Gland ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; adverse effects

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of itraconazole oral solutions on pulmonary candidiasis albicans in ICU patients.Methods A total of 71 patients with candida ablicans in their sputum clutures were randomized into two groups.The itraconazole group(n= 36)received itraconazole 200 mg,p.o.(including nasal feeding),q12h for 14 days.The fluconazole group(n=35)received fluconazole 400 mg for the first dose,then 200 mg,i.v.drip,qd for 14 days.Results There were 31 patients in the itraconazole group and 29 paitents in the fluconazole group who completed their treatment.In the itraconazole and fluconazole group,the clearance of candida ablicans was 64.52%(20/31)vs.65.55%(19/29),cleaning time(10.12?2.57)vs(8.87?1.95)days,effective rate 58.06%(18/31)vs 62.07%(18/29),recovery rate is 19.35%(6/31)vs 17.24%(5/29),occurrence of hepatic dysfunction is 25.81%(8/31)vs 24.14%(7/29),and withdrawal for inefficacy was 3.23%(1/31)vs 6.90%(2/29),respectively.These parameters did not have statistical significance.Conclusion Itraconazole oral solutions can be used effectively and safely in the treatment of pulmonary candidiasis albicans in ICU.Patients with renal dysfunction do not need to adjust the dosage.

In recent years, the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in the nervous system of mammalian is gaining recognition. Tyros ine protein kinases exert important modulatory effect on the proliferation, diff erentiation, migration and metabolism-related singal transduction pathways in c ells. In this paper we reviewed the signal cascade process of three different ty rosine protein kinase families, including Trk, Src and Eph tyrosine protein kina se families. Furthermore, we discussed important role and possible mechanisms of these tyrosine protein kinases on the neuron synapse plasticity and learning an d memory process.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the short and long-term efficacy of quick repositioning maneuver for posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) in different age groups. METHOD: The clinical data of 113 adult patients with single PC-BPPV who underwent quick repositioning maneuver from July 2009 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The quick repositioning maneuver was to roll the patient from involved side to healthy side in the coronal plane for 180° as quickly as possible. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to different ages: young group (< 45 years), middle-age group (45 ≤ age < 60 years) and old group (≥ 60 years). The short and long term outcomes of the three groups were observed. RESULT: The left ear was involved in 58 cases (51.3%) and the right ear in 55 cases (48.7%). The short term improvement rates of the young, middle-age and the old groups were 92.5%, 93.6% and 92.3% respectively, and the long term improvement rate was 90.0%, 85.1% and 73.1% respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups in short and long term outcomes (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate of the three groups was 5.0%, 6.4% and 15.4% respectively, also no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The quick repositioning maneuver along the coronal plane for PC-BPPV has a definite effect for every age groups. The method is simple, rapid and easy to master, and the patients are tolerated the maneuver well without evident side effect.
Adult ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Patient Positioning ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals ; physiopathology

At present,the urinalysis has many puzzles and problems,this paper is proposed consensus of the key problems including standardization method in the urine formed elements examination,the urinalysis screening test,the results of reference intervals between the different examination methods,quantitative of the visible components,using centrifugal or non-centrifugal urine to do urine formed elements examination and the development direction of automatic urine sediment analyzer.These key problems are discussed and the consensus are put forward,in order to cause concern.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:790-791 )

Objective To study the effect of combining recombinet interferon α -2b gel and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to treat cervical intraepithehal neoplasia (CIN). Methods Prospective, randomly and control study was progressed in 80 patients with CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ. Before carrying out LEEP, all women were performed high-risk HPV DNA detection by the method of HC2. Among them, forty women were. assigned to be the study group, in which the patients were added to use recombinet interferon α -2b gel for three courses of treatment before and after LEEP, the other forty women who carried out LEEP simply were assigned to be the control group. All patients were examined by hquid-based thinprep cytology test (TCT) and colposcopic site-specific biopsies to doubtful focus of infection in the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month after treatment, and judged the effect by using HC2 in the 6th and 12th month after treatment. Results Eighty patients were not detected residue and recidivafion of CIN diagnosed by coiposcopic site-specific biopsies to doubtful focus of infection. In the study group, 3 women were abnormal detected by TCT, 37 women were negative detected by HC2, the negative rate was 92.5% when LEEP ended 6 months. The cure rate was 100.0% when LEEP ended 12 months. In the control group, 21 women were abnormal detected by TCT, 19 women were negative detected by HC2, the negative rate was 47.5% when LEEP ended 6 months, 8 women were negative detected by TCT, 25 women were negative detected by HC2, the cure rate was 62.5% when LEEP ended 12 months.In the 6th and 12th month after LEEP, the difference was distinguished in the cure rate between two groups. Conclusions There is double interrupted effects by combining recombinets interferon α -2b gel and LEEP to treat CIN. It can raise the one-time cure rate of the patients with CIN.

The oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Recently, more and more research findings have demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in vivo and in vitro, and can be used to treat multiple diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, stroke, neurodegeneration, sepsis, neuropathic pain and multiple organ dysfunction syn-drome diseases. This article reviews the possible mechanism of HRS for the treatment of diseases.

Aim Series of compounds,which were considered to be the antagonists of ET-1 receptor,were synthesized by Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology.The biological activity of these compounds was screened and some active compounds were selected for further pharmacological characterization on pulmonary hypertension.Methods Radioligand binding assay was performed to study the binding affinity of compounds for ETA and ETB receptors.The biological activity of compounds was evaluated in isolated rat aortic ring and in systemic arterial pressure(SAP)of anesthetized rat experiments.In addition,hypotensive effect of compounds was investigated on monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.Results Compounds bind to ETA receptor had over 10 000 fold higher affinity than to ETB receptor.Contraction induced by ET-1 in isolated rat aortic ring was inhibited by compounds,and 1 ?mol?L-1 ETP-508 shifted the cumulative concentration-contraction response curve to ET-1 to right with no change in the maximal response.In vivo,the increase in SAP induced by ET-1 〔3.7 ?g?(0.5 ml)-1?kg-1〕 was inhibited by 2 mg?kg-1 compounds by intravenous infusion.Furthermore,BQ-485 and ETP-508 by intravenous infusion(0.4 mg?h-1)significantly inhibited 80 mg?kg-1(sc)monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.Conclusions These results indicate that ETP-508 and BQ-485 are highly selective ETA receptor antagonists and significantly inhibite monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with craniocerebral injury in primary level hospital of Pearl River Delta and provide evidences for developing reasonable prevention and management policy of this disease. Methods The gender,age,injury time,occupation,injury mechanism, injury information,the relation between the craniocerebral injury and the alcohol drink in the 1 898 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to Changping People's Hospital of Dongguan in Guangdong Province were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method. Results There were more male cases with craniocerebral injury than in female ones(1 402 cases vs. 496 cases). The major group of craniocerebral injury consisted of patients aged between 20 to 39 years old〔1088 cases(57.32%)〕. The incidence of the injury in productive workers was higher than that of employees in other kinds of work〔57.48%(1 091 cases)vs. 42.52%(807 cases)〕. The incidences of such cases were the highest between March to May〔28.71%(545 cases)〕and in October〔9.69%(184 cases)〕,December〔11.22%(213 cases)〕than those in other months. The peak days of the incidence in a week were Saturday〔392 cases(20.65%)〕and Sunday〔375 cases(19.77%)〕,but the rate of Thursday was the lowest〔201 cases(10.59%)〕. The peak time in a day was between 18 to 24 o'clock〔961 cases(50.63%)〕. Traffic accident was the leading cause of the injury accounting for 52.95%. The incidence of mild to moderate craniocerebral injury(79.98%)was much higher than that of severe and especially severe injury(20.02%). The alcohol drink was bound up with craniocerebral injury. Conclusion The occurrence of craniocerebral injury has certain regularities concerning the respects of patients' gender, age, occupation,injury time,injury mechanism,types of injury,etc and based on the epidemiological characteristics,a proper management policy should be taken to effectively reduce the morbidity of craniocerebral injury.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of hydrogen (H2) on high glucose-induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) dependent cell death (PARthanatos) in primary rat Schwann cells. Methods Cultured primary rat Schwann cells were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group (C group), H2 control group (H2 group), high osmotic control group (M group), high glucose treatment group (HG group), and H2 treatment group (HG+H2 group). The cells in H2 group and HG+H2 group were cultured with saturated hydrogen-rich medium containing 0.6 mmol/L of H2, and those in three control groups were cultured with low sugar DMEM medium containing 5.6 mmol/L of sugar, and the cells in HG and HG+H2 groups were given 44.4 mmol/L of glucose in addition (the medium containing 50 mmol/L of glucose), the cells in C group and H2 group were given the same volume of normal saline, and the cells in M group were given the same volume of mannitol. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate assays after treatment for 48 hours in each group. The contents of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) reflecting oxidative stress injury and DNA damage were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) protein expression was analyzed by Western Blot, and immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the nuclear translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Results The cytotoxicity in HG and HG+H2 groups was significantly increased as compared with that of C group [LDH release rate: (61.40±2.89)%, (42.80±2.32)% vs. (9.92±0.38)%, both P < 0.01], the levels of ONOO- and 8-OHdG were markedly elevated [ONOO- (ng/L): 853.58±51.00, 553.11±38.66 vs. 113.56±14.22; 8-OHdG (ng/L): 1 177.37±60.97, 732.06±54.29 vs. 419.67±28.77, all P < 0.01], and the PAR protein expression was up-regulated (A value: 0.603±0.028, 0.441±0.010 vs. 0.324±0.021, both P < 0.01). The cytotoxicity, the levels of ONOO- and 8-OHdG, and PAR expression in HG+H2 group were significantly lower than those of the HG group (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in above parameters between H2 group as well as M group and C group. It was shown by immunofluorescence that AIF was expressed in the cytoplasm in C group, H2 group and M group, AIF was expressed in the whole cell in HG group, and the expression in the nucleus was particularly increased. A small amount of AIF expression was found in the nucleus of HG+H2 group, which indicated that high glucose could promote the AIF nuclear translocation, and that hydrogen-rich medium could prevent the process of translocation. Conclusions High glucose levels could enhance DNA damage that enhance PARthanatos in primary rat Schwann cells. However, H2 can not only reduce DNA damage of injured cells, but also inhibit the special death process, reduce the cell toxicity, all of which have protective effects.