The application of standardized patient SP is the tendency of clinical medical education in China.Normative and effective SP training is the basis of good teaching quality of medical education.By introducing the experience about how to choose and train tandardized Pa-tients in medical teaching the author discusses its significances for the clinical education,with a view to further deepening SP follow—up to the teaching of medical and other clinical disciplines as well as providing a reference.

Objective Event related potentials (ERP), especially mismatch negativity (MMN), as index, was utilized to study the processing of Chinese tones recognized by cochlear implant (CI) users and normal hearing subjects. Methods The auditory materials were Chinese words with four tones consisting of three different oddball blocks. The ERP and MMN of CI users and normal hearing subjects were recorded and analyzed in relation to the discrimination of those tones as tested. Results The ERP and MMN of CI users and normal hearing subjects were presented. The MMN of CI users includes two negative waves: the first negative wave (MMN1) occurred approxi-mately 100 ms, and the second wave (MMN2) at 300 ms. The MMN of normal hearing subjects includes two nega-tive waves too: the first negative wave (MMN1) occurred approximately 150 ms, and the second wave (MMN2) al-so at 300 ms. The MMN1 peak latency of CI users was obviously shorter than that of normal hearing subjects and the MMN2 peak latency of CI users shorter than that of normal hearing subjects too, but the difference of MMN2 peak latency between CI users and normal hearing subjects was not as significant as that of MMN1. Conclusion In the preattentive stage, CI users could process Chinese tones as normal hearing subjects, but compared with the pro-cessing of normal hearing subjects, there are some differences in the processing of CI users.

The studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological actions of Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai were systemized and compared with those of the other plants of Chaenomeles in this paper. The pharmacological effects of the fruit of Chaenomeles inclu-ding anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and analgesia, antibacterial, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action and so on were reviewed to provide scientific basis for the further studies and utilization of Chaenomeles.

[Abstract ] Objective Positive margins of conization specimen for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade (CIN)3 is a high risk factor of continuous cervical lesions or progress to early invasive carcinoma .The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of positive margins of conization specimen and post-cone residual disease in hysterectomy specimens following conization for CIN 3. Methods Clinical data from 218 patients with CIN 3 underwent hysterectomy after conization from 2001 to 2013 were analyzed retro-spectivly.Multi-factors logistic regression was performed to determine the independent risk factors for positive margins of conization specimen and post-cone residual disease. Results Fifty five cases(25.2%) had positive margin of conization specimen , and the independent risk factors were unsatisfactory colposcopy (OR:5.18,95%CI:2.49-11.10), width of conization specimen smaller than 2 cm (OR:7.68,95%CI:2.31-28.10) and pathology of CIN3 with carcinoma in situ (OR:4.38,95%CI:1.67 -12.10).Forty seven patients (21.6%) had post-cone residual disease , and the independ-ent risk factors were length of conization specimen smaller than 1.5 cm (OR:2.45,95%CI:1.12-5.69), pathology of CIN3 with carci-noma in situ (OR:4.96,95%CI:2.17-11.70) and status of coniza-tion margins (OR:4.34,95%CI:1.95-9.78). Conclusion The satisfaction of colposcopic examination, conization specimen di-ameters including width and length , CIN3 with carcinoma in situ and status of conization margins could contribute to positive margins of conization or residual disease in subsequent hysterectomy specimens .More attention should be paid to such a group of CIN 3 patients clinically.

AIM: To optimize the random amplified polymorphic DNA-Polymerase chain reaction(RAPD-PCR) system of Bupleurum chinense DC by comprehensive scoring method. METHODS: The L_(16)(4~5) orthogonal diagram was applied to studying the effects of different concentrations of Taq polymerase,Mg~(2+),dNTPs,primer and DNA on Bupleurum chinense DC.RAPD-PCR results and to get a suitable PCR system. RESULTS: A suitable RAPD reaction system was developed,i.e.1?Taq polymerase reaction buffer,2.5 mmol/L Mg~(2+),1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase,0.15 mmol/L dNTPs,0.4 ?mol/L primer and 25 ng genomic DNA templates in total 25 ?L reaction solution. CONCLUSION: The results show that the comprehensive scoring method could be used successfully to optimize the RAPD-PCR system.

Objective To explore the application value of DOSE index score in the peitients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 122 cases of plateau COPD patients were followed up for 12 months,and we recorded and analyzed the patient's health and life.We also recorde FEV 1 and DOSE scores of the patients with COPD,and record the COPD risk events,including the number of respiratory failure and death,and the times of hospitalization,total such confinement,outpatient expenses,hospitalization expenses,mMRC,and scored in the number of exacerbations,etc.Results The DOSE index score was negatively correlated with FEV1％ pred (r=0.73,P ＜ 0.05) for 122 COPD patients,and were positively correlated with mMRC (r=085,P ＜ 0.01),the annual number of exacerbations (r=0.71,P ＜ 0.01),respiratory failure (r=0.65,P ＜ 0.01),heart failure (r=0.50,P ＜ 0.01),number of outpatient service (r=0.12,P＜0.01),hospitalization time (r=0.70,P＜0.01),the totalsuchconfinement (r=0.66,P＜0.01),outpatient expenses (r=0.13,P＞ 0.13),hospitalization expenses (r=0.65,P＜0.01).ROC curve was used to analyzed the cut-off point and curve area of COPD DOSE index.Conclusion The DOSE index is a simple COPD assessment tools,and is closely related to the prognosis of patients and health.

Objective:To assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Desmodium styraeifolium from fifteen regions of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Methods:The molecular technique ISSR((inter-simple sequence repeat))was applied to investigate the genetic diversity of Desmodium styraeifolium from fifteen regions of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The data was analyzed with Popgene 1. 32,and a cluster diagram was presented by UPGMA. Results:Totally 51 amplified fragments were obtained by 7 ISSR primers. The results analyzed by Popgene 1. 32 showed that the Shannon diversity index(I)was 0. 3,the NEI’s genetic diversity coefficient(H)was 0. 246 4,the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST)was 0. 123 8,and the gene flow(Nm)was 3. 539 7. Conclusion:The above mentioned results exhibit that Desmodium styraeifolium from Guangdong,Guangxi and some wild herbal populations has high genetic diversity. The clustering results illustrate that the genetic distance of Desmodium styraeifolium originated from Guangdong and Guangxi is related with geographic distance.

Objective To investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)on IL-1βinduced MIN6 cells apoptosis. M.Methods The experiment group was divided into control group,IL-1β group,IL-1β+ EGCG low concentration group and IL-1β+EGCG high concentration group.Cell activity was detected by CCK8.Insulin secretion was detected by ELISA.cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry.ATP content and cell ac-tivity of ROS were detected by colorimetry and chemiluminescence method.Results Compared with normal group,IL-1β group showed much lower cell activity,insulin secretion,cell mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content,and at the same time IL-1βgroup had significantly higher cell apoptosis and ROS activities.After given EGCG,both low concentration group and high con-centration group had higher cell activity,insulin secretion,cell mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content,at the same time lower cell apoptosis and ROS activities was showed.And the IL-1β+EGCG high concentration group worked more powerful.Con-clusion EGCG has protective effects on IL-1βinduced MIN6 cells apoptosis.Its mechanism may be related to increasing the content of the ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential and protecting mitochondrial function as well reducing the activity of ROS.

ObjectiveTo explore the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with HBsAg(+) and HBsAg(-)/HBcAb(+) primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) treated by hepatectomy. MethodsForty-three HBsAg(+) and 18 HBsAg(-)/HBcAb(+) patients who underwent liver resection against PHC from October 2009 to November 2014 in Guangzhou 8th People′s Hospital were selected for the study. The clinical data of the subjects, including sex, age, histological differentiation, intravascular tumor thrombi, and hepatic cirrhosis, were compared, using t test for continuous data, chi-square test for categorical data, and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data. ResultsNo significant differences existed between patients with HBsAg(+) and HBsAg(-)/HBcAb(+) PHC in terms of the age of onset (50.77±12.93 years vs 54.28±9.89 years, t=-1.031, P＞0.05), the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (2.3% vs 167%, χ2=2.24, P＞0.05), the incidence of hepatic cirrhosis (62.8% vs 44.4%, χ2=1.746, P＞0.05), alpha-fetoprotein level (3638±7869 ng/ml vs 3577±9628 ng/ml, t=0.026, P＞0.05), histological differentiation (Z=-1.085, P＞0.05), and the rate of intravascular tumor thrombi (34.9% vs 22.2%, χ2=0.949, P＞0.05). ConclusionThere are no significant differences in the age of onset and progression of disease between patients with HBsAg(+) and HBsAg(-)/HBcAb(+) PHC treated by hepatectomy. However, given the possibility of occult hepatitis B virus infection, it is necessary to monitor hepatic carcinoma even post HBsAg seroconversion

Objective To study the characteristics of skinfold thickness of Han adults in Jiangsu province . Methods The skinfold thicknesses of facial , subscapular , suprailiac , biceps , triceps and calf on 311 urban adults ( 157 males and 154 females) and 421 rural adults ( 213 males and 208 females ) of Han were investigated in Huaian city of Jiangsu province .Results The thickness of skinfold of urban females were thicker than that of urban males .Rural adults were the same .Han adults of Jiangsu showed the most significant differences between urban areas and rural areas .The values of six skinfold thicknesses of Jiangsu urban adults have positive correlation with age .Conclusion Han adults of Jiangsu show the most significant differences between genders .