Objective To find the chemical elements whose contents are abnormal in the soil of the high prevalence areas of birth defects in Shanxi Province. Methods 131 soil samples were collected from the high and low prevalence areas of birth defects respectively in 2005, the contents of 16 elements were determined with inductively coupled plasma (ICP)machine. The data were analyzed with regression and nonparametric tests. Results The total content of elements in the soil of the high prevalence areas was significantly higher than that of the low prevalence area. Compared with the low prevalence area, in a high prevalence area, the content of Mo, As, Pb, Ni, V and Se in soil was abnormal, Mo, As, Ni and Pb showed a significant relationship to the prevalence rate of birth defects, in another high prevalence area, the content of Sn, Se, Mo, Zn, Sr, Pb, Ni, Fe, V, Ca, Cu, Al, Mg and Na was abnormal, Pb, Mg, Ca, Al and Zn showed a significant relationship to the prevalence rate of birth defects. Conclusion Maybe the abnormal content of Mo, As, Ni, Pb, Mg, Ca, Al and Zn in the soil is one of the risk factors for birth defects.

Objective:To assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Desmodium styraeifolium from fifteen regions of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Methods:The molecular technique ISSR((inter-simple sequence repeat))was applied to investigate the genetic diversity of Desmodium styraeifolium from fifteen regions of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The data was analyzed with Popgene 1. 32,and a cluster diagram was presented by UPGMA. Results:Totally 51 amplified fragments were obtained by 7 ISSR primers. The results analyzed by Popgene 1. 32 showed that the Shannon diversity index(I)was 0. 3,the NEI’s genetic diversity coefficient(H)was 0. 246 4,the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST)was 0. 123 8,and the gene flow(Nm)was 3. 539 7. Conclusion:The above mentioned results exhibit that Desmodium styraeifolium from Guangdong,Guangxi and some wild herbal populations has high genetic diversity. The clustering results illustrate that the genetic distance of Desmodium styraeifolium originated from Guangdong and Guangxi is related with geographic distance.

This study was aimed to establish X-ray diffraction (XRD) Fourier fingerprint of mineral Chinese medicine Actinolitum, in order to provide a new method for evaluating the quality of Actinolitum. Actinolitum samples were analyzed by the technology of powder XRD. And the XRD Fourier fingerprint was determined. Accord to the fingerprints and the intensity of each characteristic peak in XRD patterns of Actinolitum, the similarity of different samples were calculated using the law of cosines and the correlation coefficient method. Systematic cluster analysis was also used for the data. The results showed that XRD patterns of 10 certified products, 3 doping products and 2 counterfeits of Actinolitum were obtained. The geometric and topological characteristics of 10 certified products were consistent. XRD fingerprint of Actinolitum from 10 certified products had 18 common characteristic peaks. The similarity analysis showed that the similarity of XRD patterns common peak of certified products were higher among 15 samples (> 0.98). The similarity of doping products was slightly lower (0.85-0.97). And the counterfeits had the lowest similarity (< 0.2). These three had significant differences which can be distinguished. The results of cluster analysis were consistent with the similarity analysis results. It was concluded that XRD fingerprint had good specificity and feasible. It was accurate and reliable, which can be used to distinguish and evaluate Actinolitum.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the nature of pathology of sluggishness of lung-defensive qi and to offer objective experimental indexes for weifen syndrome (defensive phase syndrome). METHODS: According to the completely random design, the plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and thromboxane B2 (TX2) of 19 patients with weifen syndrome and 13 patients with qifen syndrome (qi phase syndrome) were detected by radioimmunoassay. The plasma levels of VIP and TX2 at different stages of weifen syndrome and qifen syndrome were observed. RESULTS: The plasma levels of VIP in weifen syndrome and in the late stage of weifen syndrome increased greatly at different stages as compared to qifen syndrome and the blank group (P < 0.01), while the plasma level of TX2 of weifen syndrome was higher only at the late stage than the blank group and qifen syndrome (P < 0.01). As for the levels of VIP and TX2 in weifen syndrome with different internal organs infected, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: VIP may be an index reflecting the pathology of weifen syndrome, and it is one of the material foundations of sluggishness of lung-defensive qi, but it has nothing to do with the infected internal organs. The level of TX2 increases only after the fever of patients with weifen syndrome subsided, so it can not be the basis for diagnosis of the early stage of weifen syndrome. It doesn't increase in qifen syndrome either, the mechanism remains to be further studied.

Objective To systematically evaluate the association between vascular endothelial grow th factor‐C (VEGF‐C) ex‐pression in breast cancer tissue and clinical significance in the domestic patients with breast cancer by a Meta‐analysis .Methods The published case controlled trials on the VEGF‐C expression and the clinical manifestations of breast cancer were retrieved from the CNKI ,CBM ,VIP and Wanfang databases ,and other relevant journals were also manually retrieved to identify all the relevant case controlled trials .The retrieval year limit was from the database establishment to June 2014 .The included literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion standards and the quality of included case controlled trials was assessed .The Rev‐Man 5 .2 software was used to conduct the Meta analysis .Results A total of 15 case controlled trials involving 975 patients with breast cancer were included .The Meta analysis results revealed that there were statistical differences in the VEGF‐C expression be‐tween the breast cancer group and the control group[OR = 8 .16 ,95% CI(5 .77 ,11 .54)] ,between the lymph node metastasis posi‐tive group and the non‐lymph node metastasis negative group[OR = 5 .19 ,95% CI(3 .63 ,7 .44)] and between the clinical stage Ⅰ -Ⅱ group and the stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ group[OR = 0 .35 ,95% CI(0 .21 ,0 .59)] ;the difference in the VEGF‐C expression between the 0 - <50 years group and the ≥ 50 years group had no statistical significance ,indicating that the VEGF‐C expression had no obvious as‐sociation with the patient′s age .Conclusion The present evidences reveal that VEGF‐C maybe participate in the development and progression process of lymph node metastasis of breast cancer and may be become an important factor influencing the prognosis of breast cancer .

Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Soil ; analysis ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Objective To investigate a more pedect method for a nice outward appearance of a reconstructed thumb.Methods A free one-stage plasty second toe transfer for thumb reconstruction by interchanging the whole skin-nail flap from the great toe with another one from the second toe.Results There were 12 cases in this group,following-up 6-9 months in 8 cases,7 cases was excellent and 1 cases was good.The reconstructed thumb got a nice looking and more normal function while no blight to the great toe occurred.Conclusion It is an effective new procedure in ameliorating outward appearance of the reconstructed thumb by transferring the free moulded second toe.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） in the treatment of slow-transmission constipation（STC） by observing the effects of AMR on short-chain fatty acids and intestinal barries in STC mice. MethodForty-eight male KM mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， AMR low-， medium-， high-dose groups（2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1） and mosapride group（2.5 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the blank group， all groups were gavaged with loperamide suspension（5 mg·kg^-1） twice daily for 14 d to construct the STC mouse model. At the same time， each drug administration group was given the corresponding drug by gavage for consecutive 14 d， the blank and model groups were gavaged with equal volume of distilled water. The effects of the treatment of AMR on body mass， defecation frequency， fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate of mice were observed， the pathological changes of mouse colon were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and periodic acid-Schiff（PAS） staining， the levels of gastrin（GAS） and motilin（MTL） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） was used to detect the contents of short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） in mouse feces， real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of zonula occludens-1（ZO-1）， Occludin， and Claudin-1 in the colon of mice. ResultCompared with the blank group， the body mass， defecation frequency， fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate of mice in the model group were significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the arrangement of colonic tissues was disordered， and the number of goblet cells was reduced， the levels of GAS and MTL in serum were significantly decreased（P<0.01）， and the levels of SCFAs in the feces were on a decreasing trend， with the contents of acetic acid， propionic acid， butyric acid， isobutyric acid and valeric acid were significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1， Occludin and Claudin-1 in the colonic tissues were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. The above results suggested that STC mouse model was successfully constructed. Compared with the model group， the body mass， defecation frequency， fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate of mice in AMP administration groups all increased significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the mucosal layer of the colonic tissues was structurally intact without obvious damage， and the number of goblet cells increased， serum levels of GAS and MTL were significantly increased（P<0.01）， the contents of SCFAs in the feces were all on a rising trend， with the contents of acetic， propionic， butyric and isobutyric acids rising significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1， Occludin and Claudin-1 in the colonic tissues were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAMR is able to improve the constipation symptoms in STC mice， and its mechanism may be related to increasing the contents of SCFAs in the intestine as well as promoting the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1， Occludin and Claudin-1 in the colon.