Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical features and imaging findings of cirrhotic patients with fundic varices between gastroesophageal varices type 2 (GOV2) and isolated fundic varices type 1 (IGV1).Methods:Clinical and imaging data of cirrhotic patients with fundic varices treated in Union Hospital, Tonji Medical Colloge, of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2013 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 210 patients were enrolled, including 139 patients of GOV2 (GOV2 group) and 71 patients of IGV1 (IGV1 group). Blood routine examination results showed that the median value of hemoglobin in GOV2 group was lower than that in IGV1 group(91.00 g/L VS 112.00 g/L, P<0.05). The incidence of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) in GOV2 group was higher than that in IGV1 group [20.14% (28/139) VS 5.63% (4/71), P<0.05]. The incidence of peptic ulcer was lower in GOV2 group than that in IGV1 group [12.23% (17/139) VS 38.03% (27/71), P<0.05]. The median diameter of portal veins in GOV2 group was larger than that in IGV1 group (15.09 mm VS 12.85 mm, P<0.05), and the volume of gastric fundus varices in GOV2 group was smaller than that in IGV1 group (2.14 mL VS 10.00 mL, P<0.05). The proportion of afferent veins in left gastric vein in GOV2 group was higher than that in IGV1 group [98.43% (125/127) VS 77.78% (42/54), P<0.05], and the median diameter of left gastric vein in GOV2 group was larger than that in IGV1 group (5.58 mm VS 4.53 mm, P<0.05). The efferent vessels mainly included gastrorenal shunt and splenorenal shunt. The incidences of gastrorenal shunt [27.56% (35/127) VS 66.67% (36/54)] and splenirenal shunt [12.60% (16/127) VS 25.93% (14/54)] in GOV2 group were lower than those in IGV1 group ( both P<0.05). The incidences of venae parumbilicales vein [38.58% (49/127) VS 12.96% (7/54)] and retroperitoneal collateral shunt [30.71% (39/127) VS 11.11% (6/54)] in GOV2 group were higher than those in IGV1 group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:There is significant heterogeneity in clinical features and imaging findings between cirrhotic patients complicated with GOV2 and IGV1. Recognizing and understanding the differences between the two types of patients is beneficial to taking appropriate clinical measures and improving patient prognosis.

The prevalence of diabetes in China is increasing year by year， and has become a health issue of close concern to the whole society. Glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） receptor agonist （GLP-1RA）， as a new class of glucose-lowering drugs， is now widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） because of its significant glucose-lowering efficacy and low risk of hypoglycemia. As the level of evidence for its effects on improving cardiovascular system and renal protection and reducing body mass continues to improve， its status in the treatment guidelines for T2DM is gradually increasing. Currently， nine GLP-1RA drugs have been approved for the clinical treatment of T2DM in China. Although all of these drugs exert hypoglycemic effects based on the activation of GLP-1 receptors in the body， the differences in their own structures and natural GLP-1 amino acid homology lead to large differences in pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical efficacy among different analogs. In order to enable clinicians and pharmacists to have a full understanding of the characteristics and clinical evidence of these analogs and to better perform their therapeutic effects， Liaoning Provincial Pharmaceutical Society organized clinical medicine and pharmacy experts to develop a medication guide for nine GLP-1RA drugs to provide a reference for clinical medication needs and promote rational and standardized use by compiling and summarizing the pharmacological characteristics， clinical applications， adverse reactions， interactions， the medications in special populations and medication management.