Case study approach is an important teaching method, which can improve the study interest of students if properly usd. It can train students' creative and comprehensive ability and increase the interaction between teachers and students. It can also enhance the leave of teaching and effects of class. The practicing of the application of case study approach on teaching of pharmacy administration is summarized to explorethe teaching reformation.

Objectives to evaluate the quality of examination paper of natural product chemistry of clinical pharmacy for Grade 2005 so as to feed back teaching information and provide gist for improving the teaching quality.Methods Selecting examination paper of all the students of clinical pharmacy to analyze.Results The examination achievement accords with normal distribution with average(78.64?11.12),difficulty 0.62 and discrimination 0.40.Conclusion The model of the paper has the full-scale distribution,the discrimination is good,and it evaluates the mastery level of the students quite objectively.The training of students analysis ability and comprehensive judging ability should be strengthened in the future.

Quality assurance system for postgraduate education including the implementation　system,monitoring and information gathering and feedback system,resource guarantee system was established according to the characteristics of postgraduate education and combined with theory of total　quality management.The implementation scheme for total quality management-oriented postgraduate education was formulated from the aspects of training plan,objective requirements,etc.

Gene disruption by homologous recombination is a powerfu l tool for investigating gene function in yeast. Since 1980’s, it has been deve loped a lot. PCR-mediated gene disruption technique makes the manipulation easi er and it can be used to precisely delete genes in yeast. Multi-gene disruption technique can delete several genes successively in the same yeast strain. After the completion of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequencing, the gene disruption technique for systematic analysis meets the need of the functio nal genomics in yeast. It also enlighten the study on human functional genomics.

OBJECTIVE:To study the change of particles of Chinese medicinal injection added to different kinds of infu-sions fluid before and after filtration.METHODS:Particle analysator was adopted to measure the particles of Xueshuantong injection,Yinzhihuang injection,Yuxingcao injection before and after filtration and30minutes after being mixed with0.9%Sodium Chloride injection,5%glucose injection,and10%glucose injection respectively.RESULTS:The number of particles in all kinds of unfiltered mixture increased significantly while those of filtered ones remarkably decreased.CONCLUSION:It is recommended that when intravenous drip of Chinese medicinal injection in the clinic was used,particles addition should be considered.

Objective To investigate the roles of cystatin C (CysC) and serum creatinine (Scr) in acute renal injury of patients with shock. Method A total of 71 patients with shock, 42 male and 29 female, were enrolled from February 2006 to June 2007. Patients with kidney disease or renal insufficiency were excluded. All of patients were assigned to 4 groups as per the duration of shock. The blood samples were taken from patients for measurements of CysC and Scr during the periods of 1 hr,2 hr,and 4 hr of shock and 72 hr and 7 days after correction of shock. The corrected GFR (cGFR) and decreased GFR (dGFR) were calculated. The levels of Scr and dGFR could be used to classify the acute renal injury into stages according to the Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis Criteria. The positive detection rates of different methods were compared. The levels of CysC, Scr and cGFR were statistically analyzed. Data were studied by using Pearson's correlation analysis, Results The elevation of CysC appeared sooner than that of Scr in all shock patients. Contrarily, the high level of CysC lowered to normal level much slower than that of SCR after correction of shock. The CysC increased 1 hour after shock. The GFR was negatively correlated with CysC and Scr, especially in the early stage of shock. Conclusions The renal dysfunction appears in the early stage of shock. The CysC assayed is more sensitive in the stage 1 of renal injury than Scr.

Objective To study the nurse-patient communication procedures among nursing interns. Method Totally 334 nursing interns were involved in the survey using the basic questionnaire and the nurse-patient communication procedure scale. Result The average score of the communication skills was 22 . 91 ± 2 . 13 , with the dimensions of communication preparation (0.97 ± 0.07), information collection (0.88 ± 0.13), information sending (0.90 ± 0.12), respecting patients (0.91 ± 0.18), ending communication (0.98 ± 0.08). Conclusions The nurse-patient communication skills of the nursing interns were at a relatively high level. They could conduct the effective communication according to the communication procedures in the sequence of communication preparation, information collection, information sending, respect patients and ending communication. But they are weak in the procedures of information collection and information sending. Therefore, some special trains, such as case analysis, can be done to improve the ability in these procedures.

Objective To analyze medication rules of TCM treatment for primary hepatic carcinoma in recent ten years;To provide references for clinical medication. Methods Literature about primary hepatic carcinoma in CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database from January 2005 to September 2015 was searched by computers to carry out statistical analysis of medicine classification and frequency of usage. Results Through screening, 131 articles were included, covering 131 compound TCM prescriptions, 228 kinds of medicine, and 1416 times of frequency of usage. Medicines with relatively high frequency were tonifying deficiency medicine 430 times (30.37%), damp-clearing medicine 233 times (16.45%), medicine for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis (12.99%). Medicines with relatively high frequency were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 64 times (4.52%), Poria 62 times (4.38%), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 52 times (3.67%), Bupleuri Radix 49 times (3.46%), Paeoniae Radix Alba 45 times (3.18%), Astragali Radix 44 times (3.22%), Curcumae Rhizoma 43 times (3.04%), and Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 41 times (2.90%). Conclusion This study summarizes the medicine classification and frequency of usage of TCM treatment for primary hepatic carcinoma in recent ten years, which can provide data support for clinical treatment.

Objective To reproduce and validate the hexokinase reference method for glucose detection and compare other 5 routine glucose kits with this reference method. Methods The CDC hexokinase reference method for glucose detection was established and the performance was validated through testing a standard reference material (SRM) and participating in the IFCC ring-trial for reference laboratories for glucose evaluation. The CLSI EP 9-A2 protocol was used to compare the 5 routine glucose kits with the hexokinase reference method. Forty serum samples were analyzed by 5 routine kits and the hexokinase reference method. Results When SRM 965a was determined by the reference method,the bias of level 2 and level 3 were 0. 93%, -0. 23% respectively. The results for IFCC ring trial were within the accepted range. For the 5 routine kits, the confidence intervals of the predictive bias at the medical decision point Xc (Xc = 6. 11 mmol/L) were all within the range of defined acceptable error (10%) and the range of biological variation bias (6.9%). Conclusions The hexokinase reference method for serum glucose was reproduced in our lab. The serum glucose results measured with 5 routine kits were different from results detected with the reference method, but the bias was acceptable,and it will not affect the detection results.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of patients with the late onset systemic lupus erythematosus(LOSLE) and the elderly onset SLE. Methods Forty one patients with SLE onset beyond the age of 50 years(including 20 patients SLE onset beyond the age of 60 years) were identified and compared with 41 patients who had SLE onset before the age of 50 (General SLE). Patients in the group of general SLE were selected by 1 to 1 individual matching according to sex, course of diseases, date of admission. The presenting clinical features, laboratory findings, incidence rate of complication, efficacy of glucocorticoid and the prognosis of patients in two groups of LOSLE and general SLE were compared and analyzed. In addition, 20 cases of elderly onset SLE were also compared and analyzed. Results There were significant differences in symptoms between groups of LOSLE and General SLE. The LOSLE group had less occurrence of rash (39 0% vs 73 2%, P