Objective:To define the localization of aquaporin-4(AQP4)and its mRNA expression in the pancreas.So as to pro- vide morphological basis for the secretory function and regulation mechanisms in the pancreas.Methods:Immunohistochemical (IHC)and in situ hybridization(ISH)staining techniques were used to evaluate the expression of AQP4 and mRNA expression in pancreas.Results:IHC showed that AQP4 and its mRNA were expressed in the membrane of pancreas islet cells;however light-coloured was expressed in the acinus cell.Conclusion:AQP4 might contribute to the precise regulation of water and ion balance in pancreas islet cells,which may be fluctuated during the process of synthesis and secretion of endocrine,but AQP4 might have little contribution to the secretion of pancreatin.

Objective: To study the effect of Carisolv in caries removal on dentin bonding surface.Methods:24 extracted third molars with moderate carious were randomly divided into four groups. Each cavity was split into two parts, one part was prepared by Carisolv and the other by high-speed bur. Then samples were processed as follows: samples in group A were not treated, those in group B were treated with 320 ml/L phosphoric acid, SEM was used to observe the morphology of dentin surface of the samples in group A and B. Samples in group C were restored with Dyract AP and those in group D with resin for the observation of the microstructure of dentin-filling bonding interfaces.Results:In group A, rough surface without obvious smear layer was exhibited and dentinal tubules were clearly open after Carisolv preparation; after bur preparation, dentin surfaces were covered with a thick smear layer and no opening of tubules was visible. In group B, after treatment with 320 ml/L phosphoric acid, the smear layer was removed and dentinal tubules were exposed after either Carisolv or bur preparation, but tube stoppers were visible in the samples prepared by bur. In group C, resin tags were observed only in the samples after Carisolv preparation. In group D,dentin surfaces and lengths of the resin tags did not show remarkable difference after Carisolv or bur preparation, but more lateral branch connection between resin tags appeared in the samples prepared by Carisolv than by bur.Conclusion:The dentin prepared by Carisolv favors bonding between dentin and resin/compomer and has the advantage of restoring with compomer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of simple closure operation followed by anti-Helicobacter pylori(Hp)therapy for perforated peptic ulcer. Methods 168 cases of perforated peptic ulcer treated by simple closure operation with or without postoperative medication therapy were followed-up and analyzed. Results 1 year after operation, the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer was 3.8% in the group of standard anti-Hp therapy(S group), and that of gastric and duodenal ulcer in S group was 8.3% and 3.6%,respectively; while it was 62.9%, 66.7% and 58.8% in the group of non-standard Hp therapy (N-S group), and 88.9%, 100% and 80.0% in the group without Hp therapy (NT group).The diffcrence of reccurrence rate of peptic ulcer between S group with N-S group?NT group was significant(P

Objective To assess the advantages and disadvantages of urine drainage by double-J ureteral stent or by percutaneous indwelling stent for pyeloplasty. Methods A total of 62 patients who had undergone pyeloplasty (6 patients had undergone operation on both sides) were reviewed.These patients had 68 sides of drainage during operation.The therapeutic effects,relevant complications and recoveries of 31 sides with internal stent and 37 with external stent for pyeloplasty were analyzed retrospectively. Results The rate of total postoperative complications such as hematuria,urinary tract infection,anastomotic leakage of urine or stenosis and urinary salt deposit in the internal drainage group (7/31,22.6%) was remarkably lower than that of the external drainage group (17/37,45.9%), P

Formative evaluation is a medical education evaluation form used to correct its own track in the course of activities so as to get better effect. In the medical education, it can significantly improve the medical students' ability such as active learning ability, relearning ability, ability to master and apply know l edge, ability of scientific thinking and debating, ability of innovation and analysis, ability of association and communication, and so on.

Objective To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture on the expression and inhibition of DNA binding protein 2 (Id2) and myelin basic protein (MBP),and to explore the mechanism of remyelinization after compressive spinal cord injury (CSCI) in rats.Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,and each was further subdivided into 3 time point subgroups:3,7 and 14 days.There were 9 rats in each subgroup.The CSCI models were made with a self-designed method.The acupuncture points Jiaji (EX-B2),bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Taixi (KI3) were selected for treatment.Electro-acupuncture (continuous wave,2 Hz,1.5 V)was applied to the bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Taixi (KI3) points.The control group received the injury but no treatment.The changes in the ultrastucture of the nerve fibers＇ white matter were de-termined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The alterations in the expression of MBP and Id2 were observed by double labeled immunofluorescence and Western blotting on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after the injury.Results TEM showed that the myelin sheaths in the control group had degenerated,swollen,and even broken down after CSCI.Changes to the myelin sheaths in the treatment group were milder than those in the control group.The immunofluorescence results showed the amount of Id2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the control group to be (20 ±2) on the 3rd day after CSCI,becoming (16 ± 1) on the 14th day.The differences among the 3 control subgroups were not statistically significant.The amount of Id2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the treatment group was (13 ± 1) on the 3rd day,reaching a minimum the 14th day.The differences among the 3 treatment groups were statistically significant.The differences compared with the control group at the same time points were also statistically significant.Western blotting showed that the expression of Id2 in the contrast and treatment groups was (1.12 ±0.12) and (0.67 ±0.01) respectively on the 3rd day after CSCI,and both decreased with time.The expression of Id2 in both groups reached their minima ((0.86 ±0.02) and (0.25 ±0.01) respectively) on the 14th day.The difference between the treatment groups and the contrast group was statistically significant at each time point.The expression of MBP in the contrast and treatment groups at day 3 was (0.44 ± 0.02) and (0.67 ± 0.04) respectively,and these increased with time.The expression of MBP in both groups peaked at the 14th day (at (0.95 ± 0.04) and (1.74 ± 0.09) respectively).These differences were again statistically significant.Conclusion Electro-acupuncture can regulate the expression of Id2 and MBP after CSCI.The down-regulation of Id2 which controls MBP negatively and the up-regulation of MBP may contribute to remyelination in the injured spinal cord.

Objective To evaluate the changes of GRP78 expression in the Spinal Cord of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuried Rat.Methods Fifty five adult Wistar rats(250～300 g)were randomly divided into 2 groups as control group(n=5)and operation group(n=50).The spinal cord SCII model was established.The expression of GRP78 was detected in spinal cord tissue through immunohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blot analysis,and the neuronal apoptosis was detected through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)methods.Results The GRP78 expression was increased at 30 min of reperfusion,and peaked at 7 h,but began to decline at 11 h post-reperfusion,and reduced significantly at 23 h.The number of GRP78 positive neurons at 0.5,3,7,11 and 23 h groups was(19.4?1.34),(42.6?2.30),(82.4?2.07),(40.0?1.58)and(18.8?0.83),respectively and significantly higher than that of control group(P

Objective:To explore the effect of Jinfeng particles on the expression of MMP-1/TIMP-1 in cartilage of gout arthritis rabbit′s articular,to explicit treatment mechanism of gouty arthritis. Methods:Perfusion of ethambutol and adenine,inject MSU into joint cavity of rabbits to copy the model of gouty arthritis. After successful mode,were randomly divided into model group,Jinfeng granules in high,medium and low dose group(19. 6,9. 8,4. 9 g/kg),allopurinol group(0. 028 g/kg),Tongfengding group(0. 448 g/kg) ,another blank group. Administered for 7 days. 2 h after the last administration,were taken and painted articular cartilage tissue,to observe the changes of the pathological morphology;and the use of immune cell detection of the expression of TIMP-1,MMP-1,MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio calculation. Results: Jinfeng granule could obviously reduce the articular cartilage of rats with inflammatory cells infiltration,hyperemia, swelling and necrosis, could significantly inhibit the expression of MMP-1 ( P< 0. 05 ) , stimulate TIMP-1 activation(P< 0. 01),and significantly reduce the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1(P< 0. 05). Conclusion: Jinfeng particles can effectively inhibit the pathological damage of gouty arthritis,upside the expression of TIMP-1 and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of MMP-1,regulated the balance of MMP-1/TIMP-1,and then exert anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective To study the injuries of avulsion and severance of upper extremity caused by flexion and rotation and application of tissues of chest side and back in functional reconstruction of the upper extremity. Methods The primary or fosterage replantations were performed from 2000 July to 2003 September for 6 cases of the injuries of avulsion and severance of upper extremity caused by flexion and rotation. After the operation, the shoulder joint was immobilized at abduction of 90 degrees and elbow joint was fixated at inflexion of 100 degrees. 4 weeks later, the fixation was removed and the regular functional training was started. Results Follow-ups ranging from 3 months to 2 years revealed that all the cases of replantation were successful. After operation, the shoulder joint could abduct 50?～90?, anteflect 50?～70?, extend backwards 20?～30?, and adduct 20?～40?. The elbow joint could flex 100?～140?and extend -20?～0?. 3 months after reconstruction, the muscle strength of elbow flexion recovered to Ⅳ～Ⅴdegrees. Conclusion Application of tissues of chest side and back to repair avulsion and severance of upper extremity stage by stages and layer by layer is an ideal method to resolve the contradiction between wound coverage and functional reconstruction because it can restore both the function and appearance.