OBJECTIVE:To explore the medication rules of TCM complex formulas for anti-experimental liver injury. METH-ODS:Usingexperimental liver injuryTCM complex preparationsprotection effectas themes,related literatures about medi-cation rules of TCM complex formulas for anti-experimental liver injury in CJFT,Wanfang database and VIP database were re-trieved,and general information,distribution,use frequency and co-occurrence frequency of single herbal medicine were descrip-tively analyzed. K-means clustering model and Apriori in SPSS Modeler were adopted for cluster analysis(clustering side and im-portance)and correlation analysis in medicines with top 10 use frequency. RESULTS:498 related literatures were retrieved,and 70 valid literatures were involved totally,including 51 TCM complex formulas and 111 Chinese herbal medicines. It was mainly drug for clearing heat,restoring vital energy and blood circulation. Drugs for clearing heat were most widely used(34 varieties),drugs for restoring vital energy showed the highest use frequency,with 63 times(25.82%);Prunella vulgaris had the highest frequency in single herbal medicines(accounting for 25.49%);and P. vulgaris-Salvia miltiorrhiza had the highest co-occurrence frequency in drug pairs. 5 clustering sides were obtained in clustering analysis,which were P. vulgaris-S. miltiorrhiza-Angelica sinensis- Glycyr-rhiza uralensis,Astragalus membranaceus-A. sinensis-Hedyotis diffusa,Artemisia scoparia-Curcuma wenyujin-Plygonum cuspida-tum,P. vulgaris-S. miltiorrhiza-A. scoparia,Schisandra chinensis-G. uralensis. Importance prediction showed,S. chinensis was the most important and P. cuspidatum was the least important. 13 drug pair rules were obtained from correlation analysis,and both sup-port and confidence degrees were low. CONCLUSIONS:The TCM complex formulas for anti-experimental liver injury are mainly based on drugs for clearing heat and restoring vital energy,while the compatibility is varied,and correlation degree is relatively low.

Objective To research the mechanism of High Volume Hemofiltration (HVHF) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS in dogs. Methods After injection of LPS (650 ?g/kg) via central vein within 30 min, Sixteen healthy hybrid male dogs were divided into control group and treatment group randomly (n=8). PaO2、PaCO2 in artery blood were recorded. Contents of TNF-?、IL-6 and IL-10 in plasm were measured by radioimmunity. The activity of NF-?B in lung homogenate was measured by flow cytometer. The content of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in lung homogenate was measured by Western-blotting.Changes of lung histopathology was observed via electron microscopy. Results After injection of LPS, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 began to decrease. PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 in treatment group kept higher than that in control group (P

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Kangxianling Decoction (KXLD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA and phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 in renal tissue of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS: Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group, untreated group and KXLD-treated group. A rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis was established by UUO. Rats with UUO were sacrificed after intragastric administration of KXLD for 14 days, and the parameters such as serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hydroxyproline in the kidney of rats in 3 groups were analyzed. The expression of HGF mRNA in kidney tissue was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of c-Met protein, ERK1/2 protein, p38 protein and the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 were determined by Western blotting method. RESULTS: The levels of SCr, BUN and hydroxyproline in the untreated group were significantly increased as compared with those in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). The expression of HGF mRNA in the untreated group was significantly down-regulated. The expression of c-Met protein and the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 in the kidney tissue of rats with UUO in the untreated group were significantly up-regulated. After intervention with KXLD, the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 were all significantly inhibited except for c-Met expression. The HGF mRNA was increased in KXLD-treated group. CONCLUSION: KXLD can decrease the level of collagen in the obstructed kidney of rats with UUO and alleviate the renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO through enhancing the HGF mRNA expression and inhibiting the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38.

AIM: To study the activation effects of maize pollen polysaccharides(PPM) on human thoracic cavity macrophage (hTM). METHODS: Activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hTM were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the hTM was analyzed by radioimmunoassay, after hTM were cultured with 0.312,0.625, 1.250, 2.500, 5.000 mg/mL PPM-RPMI 1640 for 24 and 48 hours in vitro. RESULTS: The activities of LDH and ACP increased in the hTM induced by PPM, and the levels of TNF-? and IL-6 in the hTM induced by PPM increased markedly too. And the induced expression effect of TNF-? and IL-6 is associated with the concentration of PPM, and time for PPM inducing. CONCLUSION: PPM can induce cytokines secretion in hTM,and activate hTM in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Traditional scaphotrapeziotrapezoid limited intercarpal arthrodesis contains Kirschner wire, U-shaped nail, AO/ASIF steel plate and so on. Long-term plaster external fixation was needed following surgery. USA-designed arthrodesis apparatus is mainly suitable for European and people from USA, but not fit for Asian.OBJECTIVE: To simulate scaphotrapeziotrapezoid limited intercarpal arthrodesis, and to test the stability of the novel arthrodesis apparatus developed by the group according to anatomic form of dorsal joint fovea of Chinese scaphotrapeziotrapezoid.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Biomechanics of the Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong University from April 2006 to March 2007.MATERIALS: A total of 40 fresh forearm samples of corpses that were not subjected to antiseptic treatment were used for this study. Radiograph verified that these samples did not develop wrist joint affection or abnormal alinement.METHODS: The cadaver models were imitated limited intercarpal instability before scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis used circular plate. Then, simulated flexion 50°, extenion 35°, ulnar deviation 30°, radial deviation 10° ultimate activities (50000).CT scan and 3-D reconstruction should be taken before and after motion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The index of the radial-scapho angle (RSA), radial-scapho distance (RSD), scapho length(SL), trapezium-trapezoid inclination (TTI), trapezium-trapezoid width (TTW) were measured.RESULTS: Prior to motion RSA, RSD, SL, TTW and TTI were (38.725±2.230) °, (18.988±1.216) mm, (1.686±0.191) cm,(27.360±1.571) mm and (114.975±2.293) °. Following motion RSA, RSD, SL, TTW and TTI were (38.800±2.388) °,(19.215±1.443) mm, (1.683±0.209) cm, (27.718±1.910) mm, (115.300±3.023) °. No significant difference in above-described indexes was determined before and after motion (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The novel STT limited intercarpal arthrodesis apparatus shows confidential stability. Thus, wrist joint can do exercises in an early stage at the range of 35 dorsal extension, 50 palmar flexion, 10 radial deviation and 30 ulnar deviation.

Objectives To investigate whether degradation of anterior pharynx decfective-1(Aph-1) goes through proteasomal pathway or lysosomal pathway.Methods Various methods such as cell culture,Western blotting,pulse-chase metabolic labeling technique,double immunofluoresecnt staining,combined with proteasomal and lysosomal inhibition were used to check Aph-1 expression level in stable Aph-1-transfected or non-transfected neuronal(SH-SY5Y)cell line.Results Using Western blotting,treating the neuronal cells with proteasome specific inhibitors significantly increased the expression of both endogenous and exogenous Aph-1.The effect of the proteasome inhibitors on Aph-1 expression was dose-and time-dependent Lysosomal pathway was not involved in Aph-1 degradation. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling experiment showed that the turnover of newly-synthesized radiolabeled Aph-1 protein was blocked by Lactacystin.Double immunofluorescent staining revealed colocalization of Aph-1 and ubiquitin in the same cells.Conclusion Degradation of Aph-1 protein is mediated by proteasomal pathway in neuronal cells,and is not related to lysosomal pathway.Aph-1 protein is ubiquitinated before degradation.

AIM: To observe the effects of sera containing Kang xian ling (a traditional Chinese medicine) on c-Met and its downstream MAPK signal molecules in HK-2 cells treated with transforming growth factor-β_1(TGF-β_1), so as to further explore the effective mechanism of anti-renal fibrosis of the traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Rat sera containing herbs were collected after rats were intragastrically administered with the herbs. HK-2 cells activated by TGF-β_1 were incubated with different heat-inactivated sera. The proliferation and expression of MAPK and the phosphorylation of MAPK in HK-2 cells were detected by Alarm blue and immunoblotting. RESULTS: No significant difference of cell proliferation between any two groups was observed. C-Met and the phosphorylation of its downstream molecules were also observed after incubated with different sera. CONCLUSION: The receptor c-Met of hepatocyte growth factor, and the phosphorylation of its downstream MAPK molecules can be regulated by the sera containing Kang xian ling.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation with acupuncture for moderate-to-severe perennial allergic rhinitis.MethodsA total of 50 patients were recruited into a sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation group and a routine acupuncture group according to order of presentation, with 25 in each group. The sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation group received sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation with filiform needle, 1-2 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The routine acupuncture group received traditional acupuncture, withyingxiang(LI 20),yintang(GV29),fengchi(GB20),fengfu(GB16),zusanli(ST36) as the maln points, andyingxiang(LI 20),yintang(GV29),fengchi(GB20),fengfu(GB16),zusanli(ST36) as the adjunct points, 1-2 points from both the maln and adjunct points in each session, 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The nasal symptom score (2004 version), the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the total non-nasal symptom score (TNNSS) were used to evaluate symptom improvement. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnalre (RQLQ) was used to assess the patients’ quality of life. The time to symptom alleviation, duration of symptom alleviation in every session and the recurrence duration during 1 month after the treatment were compared between the two groups.Results After the treatment, the score of the nasal symptom score (99.74 ± 31.89vs.196.83 ± 31.22;t=-4.912,P=0.001), TNSS (33.63 ± 12.37vs.71.82 ± 19.21;t=-3.463,P=0.003), TNNSS (33.63 ± 12.37vs.71.82 ± 19.21,t=-3.463,P=0.003) in the sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation were significant lower than those in the routine acupuncture group. Compared with the routine acupuncture group, the time to symptom alleviation was significant shorter (13.85 ± 4.21 minvs.45.63 ± 7.87 min;t=-1.763,P=0.008), while the duration of symptom alleviation was significant longer (37.92 ± 9.94 hvs.3.35 ± 1.23 h;t=7.637,P<0.01) after each session in the sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation group. Four weeks after the treatment, RQLQ score in the sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation group was significant lower than that in the routine acupuncture group (8.48 ± 3.71vs.37.68 ± 12.46;F=-7.312,P<0.01). The recurrence duration during 1 month after the treatment in the sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation group was significant longer than that in the routine acupuncture group (4.12 ± 2.15 dvs.23.53 ± 4.63 d;t=-8.879,P=0.003).ConclusionSphenopalatine Ganglion stimulation is superior to routine acupuncture in treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe perennial allergic rhinitis.

Objective To screen and identify the predicted epitopes of synthesized HLA-A*0201restricted CTL derived from HPVll E7 antigen.Methods Five HPVll E7 CTL epitope peptides and terramers consisting of HLA-A*0201 were selected by way of computer and synthesized by Sanquin company,including HPVllE7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL),15-23(LQPPDPVGL),47-55(PLTQHYQIL),81-89(DLLLGTLNI)and 82-90(LLLGTLNIV).These peptides binding to human peripheral blood-derived DCs were tested for their ability to activate T cells isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of HLA-A*0201 healthy individuals.the number of specific tetramer+CD8+T cells by flow cytometry,the level of the section of IFN-γ by ELISA,and the ability of the CTL to kill the target cells were observed.Results The immature DCs could be fully activated by all the five HPV11 E7 peptides.Peptide-loaded mature DCs were able to stimulate the epitope-specific T cells responses in vitro.An increased frequency(P<0.05)of T ceils specific for the E7 7-15 epitope compared to other epitopes of HPV11E7.The epitope-specific CTL of E7 7-15 induced by the activated DCs specifically killed HPV11E7 expressing 293 cell line,and in a ratio of 50:1,the specific cytolytic activity was the strongest than the others(P<0.05).Conclusion DCs loaded with HPV11 E7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL)peptide can induce highly effective and specific ectogenic processed epitopespecific CTL responses in vitro.This peptide may be the candidate for development of CTL based vaccine in the treatment of HPV infeetions.

It is extremely necessary and important for colleges or universities to transform the education concepts that barricade students' initiative and creativity, especially the one that takes fi-nal examinations as sole standard to evaluate teaching and learning effects. In order to display and cultivate students' study ability more comprehensively, we manage to establish a set of formative eval-uation system for regional anatomy course , which involves tests and examinations and evaluations throughout the whole teaching and learning process. It solves the long-lasting problem that examina-tions are final purposes of teaching and learning, and thus, teaching values not only results but also learning process, which directs students' attention to conventional studies and helps develop good study habits, greatly reducing the randomness of final academic performances. The diverse assessment methods, along with accumulated assessment results, can improve students' learning effects through-out the whole semester. The fundamental purpose of this system is to inspire students' passion for study and creativity and monitor the teaching process.