OBJECTIVE:To explore the medication rules of TCM complex formulas for anti-experimental liver injury. METH-ODS:Usingexperimental liver injuryTCM complex preparationsprotection effectas themes,related literatures about medi-cation rules of TCM complex formulas for anti-experimental liver injury in CJFT,Wanfang database and VIP database were re-trieved,and general information,distribution,use frequency and co-occurrence frequency of single herbal medicine were descrip-tively analyzed. K-means clustering model and Apriori in SPSS Modeler were adopted for cluster analysis(clustering side and im-portance)and correlation analysis in medicines with top 10 use frequency. RESULTS:498 related literatures were retrieved,and 70 valid literatures were involved totally,including 51 TCM complex formulas and 111 Chinese herbal medicines. It was mainly drug for clearing heat,restoring vital energy and blood circulation. Drugs for clearing heat were most widely used(34 varieties),drugs for restoring vital energy showed the highest use frequency,with 63 times(25.82%);Prunella vulgaris had the highest frequency in single herbal medicines(accounting for 25.49%);and P. vulgaris-Salvia miltiorrhiza had the highest co-occurrence frequency in drug pairs. 5 clustering sides were obtained in clustering analysis,which were P. vulgaris-S. miltiorrhiza-Angelica sinensis- Glycyr-rhiza uralensis,Astragalus membranaceus-A. sinensis-Hedyotis diffusa,Artemisia scoparia-Curcuma wenyujin-Plygonum cuspida-tum,P. vulgaris-S. miltiorrhiza-A. scoparia,Schisandra chinensis-G. uralensis. Importance prediction showed,S. chinensis was the most important and P. cuspidatum was the least important. 13 drug pair rules were obtained from correlation analysis,and both sup-port and confidence degrees were low. CONCLUSIONS:The TCM complex formulas for anti-experimental liver injury are mainly based on drugs for clearing heat and restoring vital energy,while the compatibility is varied,and correlation degree is relatively low.

Objective To research the mechanism of High Volume Hemofiltration (HVHF) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS in dogs. Methods After injection of LPS (650 ?g/kg) via central vein within 30 min, Sixteen healthy hybrid male dogs were divided into control group and treatment group randomly (n=8). PaO2、PaCO2 in artery blood were recorded. Contents of TNF-?、IL-6 and IL-10 in plasm were measured by radioimmunity. The activity of NF-?B in lung homogenate was measured by flow cytometer. The content of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in lung homogenate was measured by Western-blotting.Changes of lung histopathology was observed via electron microscopy. Results After injection of LPS, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 began to decrease. PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 in treatment group kept higher than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate correlation between demyelination and caspase-12 expression alteration after compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) so as to discuss mechanism of demyelinating lesion after CSCI.Methods Seventy-five adult SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,ie,normal group,control group,compression 1 d,3 d and 7 d groups,with 15 rats per group.Models of spinal cord compression were established with a self-made device.Ultrastructure of the demyelinated nerve fibers was observed by electronic microscope and oligodendrocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and double labeling immunofluorescence.Immunoblotting was used to defect caspase-12 that was related to cell apoptosis.Results Demyelination of nerve fiber occurred after CSCI and was aggravated with time.Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes was found after CSCI,and showed significant difference between compression 7 d group and normal group (P ＜ 0.05).Caspase-12 was also upregulated with extension of compression time.Conclusion Caspase-12 mediating oligodendrocyte apoptosis is one of the mechanisms of nerve fiber demyelination after CSCI.

Objective To investigate the role of demyelination and the alteration of chondrotin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG,NG2) expression after compression injury of the spinal cord (CSCI).Methods Seventy-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a sham-operation group,a CSCI 1 day group,a CSCI 3 day group,and a CSCI 7 day group.There were 15 rats in each group.The injuries in the CSCI groups were inflicted using a technique devised in our laboratory.Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) neurological function assessment was used to assess the rats' motor function,osmic acid staining and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM)were used to observe any pathological changes of myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter at 1,3 and 7 days after CSCI.The amount of myelinated nerve fibers in the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord and the ratio of myelin sheath thickness to axon diameter (the G-ratio) were calculated.Any alteration in NG2 expression was observed by Western blotting.Results The average neurological function assessment scores in the CSCI groups were (1.23 ±0.45),(0.65 ± 0.35) and (0.00 ± 0.00) respectively.Compared with the normal group (21.00 ± 0.00) and the sham operation group (21.00 ± 0.00),the differences were all statistically significant.The rats' motor function deteriorated gradually with time after the CSCI.Osmic acid staining showed that the white matter was intact in the normal and sham groups.After being compressed the myelinated nerve fibers became swollen,degenerated and broke down.The amount of myelinated nerve fibers in the normal group,the sham operation group and the three CSCI groups was (2771 ± 108),(2675 ± 199),(2403 ± 161),(1708 ± 70) and (8 10 ± 95) respectively.The amount of myelinated nerve fibers decreased in the CSCI groups and reached a minimum on the 7th day.The difference was statistically significant.The TEM quantity analysis showed that the G-ratios in the normal,sham operation,and CSCI 1 day,3 day and7 day groups were (18.10±0.4),(17.70±1.0),(6.69 ±0.8),(5.73 ±0.4) and (4.95 ±0.5) respectively.Compared with the normal and sham operation groups,the G-ratios in the 3 CSCI groups were lower and reached their minimum on the 7th day after injury.The difference was statistically significant.TEM observation showed that the axons and myelin sheaths were intact in the normal and sham groups.After CSCI the axons became swollen and cell organelles in the axoplasm degenerated and decreased.The layers of myelin sheath shrank,folded and even wrinkled,which had an onion-like appearance.The oligodendrocytes exhibited chromatin condensation.Macrophages showed infiltration.Western blotting showed that the expression of NG2 in the CSCI groups reached a maximum on the 1st day after injury and then decreased with time.The expression of NG2 in the CSCI groups was higher than in the normal and sham groups,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Demyelination occurs after CSCI-the amount of myelinated nerve fibers decreases and neurological deficits increase with time.The expression of NG2 was associated with changes in the myelin sheaths after CSCI and contributed to recovery of the myelin sheath through proliferation and differentiation to oligodendrocytes and perhaps other kinds of cells.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Kangxianling Decoction (KXLD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA and phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 in renal tissue of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS: Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group, untreated group and KXLD-treated group. A rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis was established by UUO. Rats with UUO were sacrificed after intragastric administration of KXLD for 14 days, and the parameters such as serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hydroxyproline in the kidney of rats in 3 groups were analyzed. The expression of HGF mRNA in kidney tissue was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of c-Met protein, ERK1/2 protein, p38 protein and the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 were determined by Western blotting method. RESULTS: The levels of SCr, BUN and hydroxyproline in the untreated group were significantly increased as compared with those in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). The expression of HGF mRNA in the untreated group was significantly down-regulated. The expression of c-Met protein and the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 in the kidney tissue of rats with UUO in the untreated group were significantly up-regulated. After intervention with KXLD, the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 were all significantly inhibited except for c-Met expression. The HGF mRNA was increased in KXLD-treated group. CONCLUSION: KXLD can decrease the level of collagen in the obstructed kidney of rats with UUO and alleviate the renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO through enhancing the HGF mRNA expression and inhibiting the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38.

Objective To screen and identify the predicted epitopes of synthesized HLA-A*0201restricted CTL derived from HPVll E7 antigen.Methods Five HPVll E7 CTL epitope peptides and terramers consisting of HLA-A*0201 were selected by way of computer and synthesized by Sanquin company,including HPVllE7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL),15-23(LQPPDPVGL),47-55(PLTQHYQIL),81-89(DLLLGTLNI)and 82-90(LLLGTLNIV).These peptides binding to human peripheral blood-derived DCs were tested for their ability to activate T cells isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of HLA-A*0201 healthy individuals.the number of specific tetramer+CD8+T cells by flow cytometry,the level of the section of IFN-γ by ELISA,and the ability of the CTL to kill the target cells were observed.Results The immature DCs could be fully activated by all the five HPV11 E7 peptides.Peptide-loaded mature DCs were able to stimulate the epitope-specific T cells responses in vitro.An increased frequency(P<0.05)of T ceils specific for the E7 7-15 epitope compared to other epitopes of HPV11E7.The epitope-specific CTL of E7 7-15 induced by the activated DCs specifically killed HPV11E7 expressing 293 cell line,and in a ratio of 50:1,the specific cytolytic activity was the strongest than the others(P<0.05).Conclusion DCs loaded with HPV11 E7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL)peptide can induce highly effective and specific ectogenic processed epitopespecific CTL responses in vitro.This peptide may be the candidate for development of CTL based vaccine in the treatment of HPV infeetions.

Objectives To investigate whether degradation of anterior pharynx decfective-1(Aph-1) goes through proteasomal pathway or lysosomal pathway.Methods Various methods such as cell culture,Western blotting,pulse-chase metabolic labeling technique,double immunofluoresecnt staining,combined with proteasomal and lysosomal inhibition were used to check Aph-1 expression level in stable Aph-1-transfected or non-transfected neuronal(SH-SY5Y)cell line.Results Using Western blotting,treating the neuronal cells with proteasome specific inhibitors significantly increased the expression of both endogenous and exogenous Aph-1.The effect of the proteasome inhibitors on Aph-1 expression was dose-and time-dependent Lysosomal pathway was not involved in Aph-1 degradation. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling experiment showed that the turnover of newly-synthesized radiolabeled Aph-1 protein was blocked by Lactacystin.Double immunofluorescent staining revealed colocalization of Aph-1 and ubiquitin in the same cells.Conclusion Degradation of Aph-1 protein is mediated by proteasomal pathway in neuronal cells,and is not related to lysosomal pathway.Aph-1 protein is ubiquitinated before degradation.

Objective To investigate the calcification of thyroid nodule detected on ultrasound and the relation with benign and malignant disease.Methods Data of 107 cases of malignant and 703 cases of benign(thyroid) nodules examined by high-resolution colored ultrasonography preoperatively and pathological diagnosis by paraffin embedded slides postoperatively were collected from our hospital over a period of 3 years.The(percentages) of calcification and fine stippled psammomatous(FSP) calcification in benign and malignant(nodular) disease,in different sexes and different age groups were retrospectively reviewed.Results The(incidences) of calcification and FSP calcification were significantly higher in malignant group(63.55%,(29.02%),respectively) than in benign group(P0.05).Calcification rate showed no(significant) difference between different age groups(0.05);however,there was a significant difference of the FSP calcification rate between different age groups(P

AIM: To study the activation effects of maize pollen polysaccharides(PPM) on human thoracic cavity macrophage (hTM). METHODS: Activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hTM were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the hTM was analyzed by radioimmunoassay, after hTM were cultured with 0.312,0.625, 1.250, 2.500, 5.000 mg/mL PPM-RPMI 1640 for 24 and 48 hours in vitro. RESULTS: The activities of LDH and ACP increased in the hTM induced by PPM, and the levels of TNF-? and IL-6 in the hTM induced by PPM increased markedly too. And the induced expression effect of TNF-? and IL-6 is associated with the concentration of PPM, and time for PPM inducing. CONCLUSION: PPM can induce cytokines secretion in hTM,and activate hTM in vitro.

It is extremely necessary and important for colleges or universities to transform the education concepts that barricade students' initiative and creativity, especially the one that takes fi-nal examinations as sole standard to evaluate teaching and learning effects. In order to display and cultivate students' study ability more comprehensively, we manage to establish a set of formative eval-uation system for regional anatomy course , which involves tests and examinations and evaluations throughout the whole teaching and learning process. It solves the long-lasting problem that examina-tions are final purposes of teaching and learning, and thus, teaching values not only results but also learning process, which directs students' attention to conventional studies and helps develop good study habits, greatly reducing the randomness of final academic performances. The diverse assessment methods, along with accumulated assessment results, can improve students' learning effects through-out the whole semester. The fundamental purpose of this system is to inspire students' passion for study and creativity and monitor the teaching process.