Objective: Anti-Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity of Kumazasa (Sasa senanensis Rehder) extract were investigated in the human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblast cell.
Method: This study examined the effect of hot water extract from Sasa senanensis Rehder on HCMV replication, viral-specific major immediate early (IE) gene expression, and protein synthesis.
Results: Treatment of HCMV-infected HEL cells with that Sasa senanensis Rehder extract inhibited the cytopathic effect and viral production in a dose-dependent manner. Further, real-time RT-PCR assay and Western blotting analysis revealed that Sasa senanensis Rehder extract decreased expression of the HCMV IE gene in virus-infected HEL cell.
Conclusion: These results suggest that Sasa senanensis Rehder extract have anti-HCMV activity by inhibitting of IE gene expression.

Objective: Anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity of 5 compounds, especially tricin, isolated from Kumazasa extract were investigated in the human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblast cell.
Method: This study examined the effect of tricin on HCMV replication, viral-specific major immediate early (IE) gene expression, and protein synthesis.
Results: Pretreatment of HEL cells before HCMV infection with tricin inhibited viral production in a dose-dependent manner, as well as posttreatment of HCMV-infected HEL cells with tricin. Real-time RT-PCR assay and Western blotting analysis indicated that tricin decreased expression of the HCMV IE gene in virus-infected HEL cell.
Conclusion: These date suggest that the primary mechanism of anti-HCMV activity for tricin, isolated from Kumazasa hot water extract, inhibit IE gene expression.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine common experiences among patients and primary family caregivers as they transition to hospice and palliative care units (PCU), with focus on the perspectives of cancer patients and their primary family caregivers. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire with a purposive sample of 5 terminal cancer patients and 9 primary family members of patients who were admitted to the PCU from November 2005 to December 2006. The questionnaires consisted of questions about the PCU, and semi-structured interviews inquired about perceptions of the PCU. We analyzed interview contents from 14 participants (mean age ±SD; patients, 77.2±4.0 years; family members, 53.7±14.6) by summarizing content analysis. The Aiwa Hospital Institutional Review Board approved the present study. Results: Content analysis identified common perceptions about the PCU. Perceptions prior to the transition were summarized into 2 categories for patients and 5 categories for families, including general impressions of the PCU, PCU environment and equipment, treatment, cost, and other patients. After being admitted to the PCU, perceptions were summarized into 3 categories for patients and 7 categories for families, including general impressions of the PCU, PCU environment and equipment, treatment, staff, cost, other patients, and religion. Conclusion: Identification of these themes from patient and family perspectives suggested that patients transitioned to hospice with no particular impressions about the PCU, while families perceived the PCU as both “a place to relax” and “a place where one only waits to die” before entering the PCU. These results may aid in designing interventions that consider patient and family needs and desires during the transition to the PCU.

We previously reported that treatment with tricin (4’,5,7-trihydroxy-3’,5’-dimethoxyflavone) after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection significantly suppressed both infectious virus production and HCMV replication in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HEL) cells. Moreover, we recently revealed that HCMV infection can increase the expression of CC-motif ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP-1) and CCR2, a specific receptor for CCL2, which can enhance HCMV infection and replication, in turn. In this study, we examined whether CCL2 and/or CCR2 are involved in the anti-HCMV effects of tricin in HEL cells. Exposure of fibroblasts to tricin inhibited infectious HCMV production, with concomitant decreases in CCL2 and CCR2 transcript levels and CCL2 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Propagermanium, an inhibitor of CCR2 function, has also been shown to inhibit infectious HCMV production with concomitant decreases in CCL2 protein levels. We further observed that tricin and propagermanium reduced mRNA expression of HCMV immediate early gene and DNA polymerase in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that tricin is a novel anti-inflammatory compound with potential anti-HCMV activity, and CCL2/CCR2 interactions are associated with HCMV replication.

Purpose and Method: It is known that people have insufficient recognition about hospital-based palliative care units (PCUs). Patients with cancer and their families are probably not well informed about PCUs on its admission. To understand the situation of patients and their families before and after PCU admission, a questionnaire survey was performed and evaluated by PCU nurses. Result: As a result, two points regarding PCU admission have become clear. First, about 55％ of the nurses reported that prior to PCU admission, patients and family members lacked proper information about PCUs; about 62% of the nurses felt that PCUs had not been appropriately explained to the patients; and about 37% of the nurses felt that family members had not received an appropriate explanation of PCUs at the time of PCU admission. Second, before PCU admission, the main concern of patients and their families was proper utilization of PCUs. After admission, their main concerns were the extent of treatment provided in the PCU and the progress of the disease. Conclution: These results suggest that appropriate information on PCUs, including the scope of treatment provided to patients and the requirements for PCU admission, is necessary for general ward staff as well as for the patients and their families prior to PCU admission.

Recent advances in long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled researchers to identify several pathogenic variants overlooked by short-read NGS, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and other conventional methods. Long-read NGS is particularly useful in the detection of structural variants and repeat expansions. Furthermore, it can be used for mutation screening in difficultto- sequence regions, as well as for DNA-methylation analyses and haplotype phasing. This mini-review introduces the usefulness of long-read NGS in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric endocrine disorders.

Recent advances in long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled researchers to identify several pathogenic variants overlooked by short-read NGS, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and other conventional methods. Long-read NGS is particularly useful in the detection of structural variants and repeat expansions. Furthermore, it can be used for mutation screening in difficultto- sequence regions, as well as for DNA-methylation analyses and haplotype phasing. This mini-review introduces the usefulness of long-read NGS in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric endocrine disorders.

Recent advances in long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled researchers to identify several pathogenic variants overlooked by short-read NGS, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and other conventional methods. Long-read NGS is particularly useful in the detection of structural variants and repeat expansions. Furthermore, it can be used for mutation screening in difficultto- sequence regions, as well as for DNA-methylation analyses and haplotype phasing. This mini-review introduces the usefulness of long-read NGS in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric endocrine disorders.

Abstract
Objective : In this study, we conducted a survey on both the use of supplements by customers and information provided by pharmacists, to clarify customer understanding. We also sought to ascertain the actual current state of information provided by pharmacists to customers, as well as investigating both how, and to what extent, pharmacists should be involved in customers 'use of supplements.
Methodology : During regular pharmacy visits, pharmacists used a questionnaire to interview 1,253 customers, in 14 community pharmacies, in Tokyo and Hokkaido, respectively. A different questionnaire, designed for pharmacists, was also given to 289 pharmacists who were either working in those same pharmacies, or who attended the Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences in Hokkaido (2011, Sapporo).
Results : The results of the survey showed that approximately 50％ of consumers greatly desired the provision of safety and efficacy information about supplements by pharmacists. However, few pharmacists answered customers' questions satisfactorily (only 7.3％ of total responses).
 The results also indicated that only 30％ of pharmacists actively gathered information about supplements, despite the fact that 67.5％ of pharmacists were aware that they were expected to do so by customers, in their roles as primary information providers regarding such treatments. Furthermore, even those pharmacists who checked information regarding supplements depended mostly on information acquired from the Internet.
Conclusion : There is a large gap between customers' expectations for explanation of supplements and the reality of such explanations, and the information actually provided by pharmacists. In order to live up to their customers' expectations, pharmacists should foster both wider dissemination and better understanding of evidence-based information about supplements. Pharmacists should also provide integrated management of drugs and supplements for patients.