A wide variety of cancers metastasize to the ovaries. In a majority of instances the primary site is the gastrointestinal tract, breast, or other gynecologic organs. The best known tumor of this type is signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. The gallbladder and bile duct are rare sources of these metastases. The authors have had an experience of a case that was presented of Krukenberg tumor metastatic from the gallbladder and report the case with brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Ducts ; Breast ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Krukenberg Tumor* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Ovary

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome and safety of vaginal delivery after previous cesarean birth. METHODS: This study was based on 303 cases of delivery with previous cesarean birth at Masan, Fatima Hospital from May, 1997 to April, 1998. Among them, 62 cases had performed trial of labor. We had made a comparison between elective repeat section group and trial of labor group by analizing the frequency, successful rate, maternal morbidity, perinatal morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Among 303 cases with previous cesarean birth, trial of labor was done in 62 cases(20.5%). Among trial of labor group, vaginal delivery was done in 54 cases (87.1%) and repeat section was done in 8 cases(12.9%). Indications for elective repea section before the onset of labor were refuse trial of labor(51.9%), request for tubal ligation(17.4%), and previous section > or =2(7.5%), etc. The successful rate of vaginal delivery according to indication for previous cesarean birth was 85.0%(17/20) in the cases of dystocia and 88.1%(37/42) in the cases except dystocia. The successful rate was not influenced by the indication for previous cesarean birth(P>0.05). There were no maternal death or uterine rupture in the cases of trial of labor. There were no significant difference between elective repeat section group and trial of labor group in maternal morbidity, perinatal morbidity and mortality(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Under strict indications, vaginal delivery subsequent to cesarean birth may be safe, and can reduce the rate of cesarean section that was increased constantly.
Apgar Score ; Cesarean Section ; Dystocia ; Eclampsia* ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Death ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Parturition* ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rheology ; Trial of Labor ; Umbilical Arteries* ; Uterine Rupture

OBJECTIVE: The overexpression of p16(INK4A) is induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated with the carcinogenesis of cervical epithelia. So, immunostaining of p16(INK4A) may be useful biomarker in detecting CIN of cervix uteri in abnormal cervical lesions. The potential of p16(INK4A) as a biomarker for Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) examined in liquid-based specimens. METHODS: We collected samples 30 cases of ASCUS in Thinprep(TM) smears between March 2003 and August 2003. 23 control Thinprep(TM) cases were included; 10 negative for intraepithelial lesions, 13 cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. p16(INK4A) immunochemial staining was performed on 53samples. At the same time, we tested another cervical swabs of patients by the Hybrid Capture II(TM) test. The cut off value was scored positive if it contained above 5 abnormal cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining. RESULTS: The results of p16(INK4A) immunochemial staining comparing with one of HC II(TM) showed negative results with low kappa coefficient of 0.034. The sensitivity of p16(INK4A) immunochemial staining were 30.8% and the specificity were 82.4% respectively (p<0.01). p16(INK4A) is a useful marker for the detection of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia but is not ASCUS. CONCLUSION: Immunostaining of p16(INK4A) is not useful triage test in detecting abnormal lesion of ASCUS in liquid-based specimens.
Carcinogenesis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triage

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the difference and the positivity rate between Preserv Cyt(TM) solution of Thin-Prep(TM) Pap test and Cervical Sampler(TM) of Hybrid Capture II for detecting HPV DNA. METHODS: We collected samples of the cervix by using Preserv Cyt(TM) solution of Thin-Prep(TM) Pap test and a Cervical Sampler(TM) of Hybrid Capture II from ninety one women who screened for cervical carcinoma and precancerous cervical lesions between January 2003 and March 2003. At the same time, we tested the sample using the Preserv Cyt(TM) solution left over with a sample conversion kit. The cut off value for positive test result was above 1 pg/mL. RESULTS: The results of comparing the test using the Preserv Cyt(TM) solution of Thin-Prep(TM) Pap test with the one using Cervical Sampler(TM) showed negative results and 34 patients showed positive results with a significant high kappa coefficient of 0.674. The HPV titer of <1 were considered negative, while the HPV titer of 1 were considered positive. The positive HPV titer results were then subdivided into values of 1-10 and >10. Agreement rates of Preserv Cyt(TM) solution according to the HPV titer of Cervical Sampler(TM) were as follows: 97.7% in values below 1, 96.8% in values above 10, but 17.6% in values 1 to 10. So, the agreement rate was low between Cervical Sampler(TM) and Preserv Cyt(TM) solution in low value of HPV of Cervical Sampler(TM). CONCLUSION: Comparing the test using Preserv Cyt(TM) solution with Cervical Sampler(TM), there was a high correspondence and the Preserv Cyt(TM) solution was facilitated to detection for HPV at a time.
Cervix Uteri ; DNA* ; Female ; Humans*