Cerebral smal vessel disease (CSVD) refers to cerebral smal perforating arteries and arterioles (diameter 40 - 200 μm), capilaries, and venules caused syndromes of clinical, cognitive and pathological manifestations. Its imaging classification includes lacunar infarcts, white matter lesions, cerebral microbleed, and perivascular space enlargement, etc. The pathogenesis of CSVD is stil being explored, and imaging findings can not completely reflect the change process of its pathophysiology, especialy the early lesions. Therefore, the difficulties have increased for the prevention and treatment of CSVD. This article summarizes the progress in research on CSVD biomarkers in recent years in order to provide ideas for its etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical prevention and treatment.

About a quarter of acute ischemic strokes are wake-up strokes. Due to the uncertainty of the onset time, patients with wake-up stroke were considered to be unable to receive intravenous thrombolysis. Although the current guidelines recommend that the time window for intravenous thrombolytic therapy is 4.5 h, recent studies have shown that intravenous thrombolytic therapy is safe and effective for patients with wake-up stroke after neuroimaging screening. This article reviews the recent research progress on intravenous thrombolytic therapy for wake-up stroke under the guidance of neuroimaging in order to provide a reference for clinical practice.