Objective To study the technological parameters of the purification process for active cons-tituents from Saussurea involucrata.Methods Using absorption and desorption rates of syringin,chologenic acid,and rutin as the primary screening indexes,four resins were selected,and the conditions of absorption and desorption were optimized for active constituents.Results Resin HPD400 gave good separation performance and was selected to purify the active constituents in S.involucrata.The optimum parameters were established as followings:4 BV(bed volume)sample extract whose pH value was adjusted to pH 2-3 by HCl was passed through the column with a flow rate of 1 BV/h,12 h later,the column was washed with 4 BV water,6 BV 30% ethanol and 4 BV 50% ethanol,respectively.The combined 30% and 50% ethanolic elutes were taken as object products.Conclusion The contents of active constituents were increased to about five times.Macroporous absorption resin HPD400 could be well used in separating and purifying the active constittuents from S.involucrata.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different penetration enhancers on the transcutaneous permeability of syringin, chologenic acid and rutin in Xuelian cataplasm in vitro and to determine the effective enhancer.

METHODUsing improved Franz-type diffusion cell and excised big mouse skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the kinetics parameters of syringin, chologenic acid and rutin in Xuelian cataplasm such as cumulative permeation quantity, permeation rate were determined by HPLC. The enhancement ability of azone (A-zone), propylene glycol (PG) was investigated when used either uniquely or combinatively.

RESULTWith the 7% azone, the syringin, chologenic acid and rutin in Xuelian cataplasm could penetrate through the skin of rats well.

CONCLUSIONThe selection of the best penetration enhancers provide reference for Xuelian cataplasm.

Animals ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Permeability ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Propylene Glycol ; Rats ; Rutin ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Skin Absorption

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of disease in which brain tissue injury and brain dysfunction are caused by external trauma. At present, the pathological mechanism of TBI is not fully clear, and there is no good clinical treatment plan. TBI can be preliminarily divided into primary injury and secondary injury according to the occurrence time. In recent years, a large number of researchers have begun to look for effective biological signaling molecules such as micro RNA (miRNA) to discover and intervene in secondary injury with strong response after TBI as early as possible. MiRNA, as a small non-coding RNA, can play a key role in the pathological process of central nervous system diseases, which is considered as an effective regulator of nerve function under pathophysiological conditions. In this paper, the effects of miRNA on the occurrence, development and recovery of TBI are summarized through the three major mechanisms of nerve cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine expression and blood-brain barrier repair, which lays the foundation for researching function of miRNA in TBI.

During the traumatic brain injury (TBI), improved expression of circulatory miR-21 serves as a diagnostic feature. Low levels of exosome-miR-21 in the brain can effectively improve neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, reduce nerve apoptosis, restore neural function and ameliorate TBI. We evaluated the role of macrophage derived exosomes-miR-21 (M-Exos-miR-21) in disrupting BBB, deteriorating TBI, and Rg1 interventions. IL-1