Xenotransplantation can probably overcome the critical shortage of human organ donors for clinical transplantation.Recently,research progresses in the biology of xenograft rejection and zoonotic infections,and the generation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs have moved this approach closer to clinical application,but immunological rejection is also the primary barrier in the study of xenotransplantation.This review sumarries the research progress of immunological rejection of xenotransplantation,providing some advices for the future of clinical xenotransplantation.

Objective To study the proliferation and differentiation patterns of hepatic stem cells from mice cultured in vitro isolated identify their characteristics.Methods Mice were divided into 5 groups according to the pregnant (embryo days,ED13,ED15 and ED18) or born age (day0 and 3).Hepatic stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro.The amount of the stem cells as well as their growing situation and differentiation pattern were observed and compared among different groups and markers of stem cells (CD117,CD90.1,CD49f,c-Met),hepatic cells(AFP) were used to identify the cultures.Resulls The cells with best situation of growing as colonies were obtained from ED15 group.Their expression of specific markers suggested that they were hepatic stem cells.The stem cells isolated from ED15 mice in subculturing proliferated in line pattern and differentiated in reverse line pattern.The expression of AFP varied as normal distribution as cell differentiation development.Conclusion Most cells have characteristics of hepatic stem cells isolated from fetal liver and the number of these cells decreases gradually as embryo duration prolongs.The hepatic stem cells proliferate in line pattern and differentiate into hepatic cells after in vitro culture.

Objective To construct a sequence tag library of HepG2 cells by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Methods Total RNA of HepG2 cells was extracted using a Trizol agent. The double strand cDNA were reverse-translated from mRNA which was isolated from total RNA. According to the protocol of SAGE, a sequence tag library of HepG2 cells was constructed. The transcript, which was represented by each tag, was analyzed by consulting the GenBank and UniGene, and the abundance of the tags was analyzed by SAGE analysis software. Results A total of 14 181 SAGE tags out of 15 586 tags were steadily and effectively amplified and the lengths of the tags were between 200-3000 bp. After sequence analysis of the tags, 2023 specific genes were revealed. Conclusions The use of improved reverse transcription agent kit may guarantee obtaining the full length cDNA, which provides materials for the construction of SAGE library. SAGE is a powerful method to investigate the gene expression profile, and it establishes a foundation for gene researches.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adipose Tissue ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Young Adult

Objective　To investigate whether or not the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can supresses the protein expression of VEGF.Methods　SMMC 7721 is a cell line that expresses VEGF.Therefore the medium conditioned by SMMC 7721 stimulates proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC).Synthesized antisense ODN complementary to one region of VEGF mRNA was added into the medium of SMMC 7721.The expression of VEGF and the stimulation effect of SMMC 7721 was then determined.Result　It was found that by means of inhibition of VEGF expression,the stimulation effect of SMMC 7721 was inhibited by the VEGF antisense ODN in a dose-dependent manner.At a dosage of 1,2.5,5,10μmol/L,the inhibition rate was 63.2%,82.4%,210% and 287.5%,respectively.Conclusion　It is promising that VEGF antisense ODN works as a new gene therapeutic modaliey for antiangiogenesis of HCC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of auxiliary orthotopic partial liver transplantation (APOLT) from a living donor for the treatment of Willson′s disease.MethodsThe patient was a 20-year-old girl with Willson′s disease, whose blood type was O. The donor was a man aged 21 and his blood type was A. The left lateral lobe (260?g) of patient′s liver was removed, the left lateral lobe (295?g) of donor′s liver was grafted to the patient in situ. Blood plasma exchange was carried out to the recipient before transplantation. FK506 adrenocortical hormones and cytoxan was administered after operation. ResultsThe recipient had a onset of hepatic artery thrombosis 15 days after operation, and ensuing intraabdominal hemorrhage caused by thrombolytic agent was successfully managed by laparotomy. Other postoperative complications such as hydroperitonia, pulmonary atelectasis and bile fistula were cured. Now the patient has survived 15 months with a normal copper-protein level, a mitigated extrapyramidal symptom and the grafted liver grows larger.ConclusionAPOLT is a feasible remedy for late-staged Willson′s disease.

ObjectiveTo evaluate result of palliative operation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 179 cases of cholangiocarcinoma during the last 20 years were analysed retrospectively. Results The operative mortality rate was 10 1%, there was no significant difference between the groups. The rate of cholangitis after operation in the Roux en Y choledochjejunostomy group (15 1%) and bridge internal drainage group (10 0%) was significantly lower than that of PTCD (or ERBD) internal drainage group (35 7%, P

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, pathogenic mechanisms and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome.Method 65 patients with Mirizzi syndrome were analysed retrospectively.Results According to Csendes typing, patients with Mirizzi syndrome included type Ⅰ in 18 patients(27 6%), type Ⅱ in 25 patients (38 4%), type Ⅲ in 13 patients(20 0%), type Ⅳin 9 patients(13 8%), all patients were healed by corresponding operation and perioperative management.Conclusions Good outcome of Mirizzi syndrome patients can be achieved by accurate diagnosis,exact operation and active perioperative management.

Objective To determine the value of detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis or recurrence. Methods Reviewed the related literatures, the methods and significances of the detection of HCC micrometastasis in peripheral blood were analyzed. Results Currently, there are mainly two methods, hematogenous dissemination cell detection and HCC specific mRNA biomarker detection, for detection of HCC micrometastasis in peripheral blood. Theoretically, although they are considered as early detections of HCC metastasis or recurrence, researches still not have a abroad agreeable conclusion from different studies. After adjusting and improving the methods and detection time, different studies also have not gotten a quite consistent conclusion. Conclusion There is a great significance in detection of HCC micrometastasis in peripheral blood to understanding the mechanisms of HCC metatasis and recurrence, and also to improving the clinical therapy. Theoretically and practically, the method should be improved for facilitating the mechanism research of HCC metastasis and recurrence, and the application of detection.

Objective To study the effects of various media, salt intensity, and organic components on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza adventitious roots and the synthesis of tanshinone ⅡA and protoca-techuic aldehyde. MethodsThe adventitious roots were obtained through tissue culture by manipulation of various media, salt intensity, and organic components and the contents of tanshinone ⅡA and protocatechuic aldehyde were determined by HPLC. ResultsThe effect of media MS, LS, B5, White, and SH on adventitious roots of S. miltiorrhiza was observed. Adventitious roots grew better under high salt intensity while secondary metabolite biosynthesis was accelerated under low salt intensity in MS basal medium.The reciprocity of five organic components had significant effect on root growth; glycin favored the synthesis of tanshinone ⅡA; scarcity of one of inosital, glycin, VB1, and VB6 inhibited the synthesis of protocatechuic aldehyde. ConclusionMS Basal medium is used for adventitious root culture. The results show that salt intensity and organic components have significant effects on adventitious root culture of S. miltiorrhiza and secondary melabolite synthesis.