The congenital dislocation of the hip is one of the most common congenital disease of the infants. The diagnosis and treatment of comgemital dislocation of the hip has been developcd since Lorenz published the methods of the closed reduction and immobilization in 1895. By replacing the displaced femoral head in the acetabular socket in early time, the normal development of acetabulum and femoral head were expected. So the early diagnosis and treatment were very important for good results. The authors studied 19 cases of 18 patients of congenital dislocation of the hip at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hanyang University Hospital from June, 1972 to June, 1977. As results of this study, the following concolusion were result reached: 1. The proponderance of girl to boy was 13: 5. 2. The ratio of left side to right was 12:7. 3. The chief complaints were shortening of lower extremity, limitation of hip motion(esp. abduction) below 1 year old age and limping in over 1 year old age. 4. The associated congenital anomaly was abserved in a case of internal tibial torsion and metatarsus varus deformity. 5. In birth history, there was 1 case of breech presentation. 6. The acetabular index was much decreased in involved hip than the sound hip in treatment. 7. The arthrogram was valuable to detect any obstacles of closed reduction. 8. In 16 cases of 15 patients, 13 cases were treated by closed reduction, 1 case was open reduction, 1 case was derotation osteotomy, 1 case was varus and derotation osteotomy. 9. The results of treatment was Excellent:8 Good:8.
Acetabulum ; Breech Presentation ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Infant ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Metatarsus ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive History

Ultrasongraphy is a safe, noninvasive examination which should be the first procedure in the workup of apatient with a definite or suspected pelvic masses. The diagnostic schemes were derived from correlating the sonographic features with histomorphology in 230 surgically proven pelvic masses. Besides separating pelvic masses into the conventional categories of cystic, complex and solid, grayscale sonographic features of a pelvic mass canbe used to subcategorized these masses into a more useful differential diagnosis. The results are as follows; 1.The most characteristic finding of uterine myoma was midly to mederately echogenic uterine enlargement (90.7%)with a lobulated uterine margin (62.8%), and often less echogenic than the normal uterine echoes. 2. The typical ultrasonographic finding of H-mole was uterine enlargement with multiple small vesicular patterns of intrauterincontents(93%). 3. The most frequent finding of cystic teratoma was cystic mass with echogenic foci(48%), but the echogenic appearance of the lesions was extremely variable. 4. The ultrasonographic findings of ectopic pregnancywere adnexal mass(comlex or cystic), decidual proliferation of the uterus, enlargement of uterine size, fluid incul-de-sac, deveiation of uterus by adnexal mass, and psuedointrauterine appearance. 5. Ultrasound provided information leading to the correct diagnosis in 57% of cases, contributory data in 21.3%, and non-specific information in 10.4%. Errors occured in 3.9% and false-negative in 7.4%.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Leiomyoma ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

Postoperative endophthalmitis is one of the devastating complications following cataract surgery. Ocular flora has been presumed to be a major source of infectious organisms in postoperative endophthalmitis. We compared the efficacies of various chemical preparation methods that decrease or eradicate ocular flora effectively before surgery. 355 eyes undergoing cataract surgery were randomly divided into 4 groups according to chemical preparation methods. 0.3% gentamicin eyedrop was used in group 1, 0.3% ciprofloxacin eyedrop in group 2, 0.3% gentamicin eyedrop and 5.0% povidone-iodine solution in group 3, and 0.3% ciprofloxacin eyedrop and 5.0% povidone-iodine solution were used in group 4 to prepare eye before surgery. Cultures of eyelid-conjunctival swab and aqueous humor were performed just before operation and at the time of wound closure, respectively, and then compared among 4 groups. The culturepositive rate was the lowest in group 4 and increased in group 3, group 2, and group 1 in a order. The culture-positive rate from the eyelid-conjunctiva in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1(p<0.05). The culture positive rates in the groups(group 3, 4) using the combination of antibiotics eyedrop and povidone-iodine solution for chemical preparation were significantly lower than those in the groups(group 1, 2) using antibiotics eyedrop only(p<0.05). The culture results of aqueous humor showed similar pattern as those from the eyelid-conjunctival swab. This study suggests that combined use of 0.3% ciprofloxacin eyedrop and 5.0% povidone-iodine solution is an effective and recommendable preoperative chemical preparation.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aqueous Humor ; Cataract* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins ; Povidone-Iodine ; Wounds and Injuries

The clinical results and complications of 27 phacoemulsification which had been performed by ophthalmic resident during the learning curve were studied retrospectively. Mean postoperative follow-up period was 8.9 weeks and 82%(22 of 27) was followed up for 4 weeks or longer. Posterior chamber intraocular lenses were implanted in all cases. Final best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was obtained in 21 eyes(95.5%) and mean value of the surgically induced astigmatism was -0.47 diopter of the 22 eyes who were followed up for 4 weeks or longer. The incidence of vitreous loss was 11.1 %(3/27). Of these, two cases occurred during nuclear emulsification, while one case during cortex aspiration. With proper patient selection, meticulous technique, and under the faculty's supervision, phacoemulsification performed by residents during the learning curve can be an effective method for cataract surgery procedure.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Learning Curve ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Organization and Administration ; Patient Selection ; Phacoemulsification* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of lengthening in long bones on the articular carilage by observing the changes in articular cartilage, Fifty-seven rabbits of growing period were divided into four lengthening groups; 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Lengthening by callotasis that was done on the left tibiae and right tibiae were used as control. After lengthening histopathological, histochemical and autoradiographic studies were done on the proximal and distal tibial articular cartilages. That following observations were made. 1. As compared with controls, statistically significant degenerative changes were noted in proximal and distal articular cartilages when the tibiae were lengthened 10% or more. 2. In the proximal joints, the changes were significant between 10% and 20% lenghtening groups, but not between the 20% and 30% lengthening groups. 3. In the distal joints, the changes were significant. Not only were there between 10% and 20% lengtening groups but also there were between 20% and 30% lengtening groups. 4.Degenerative changes were frequently found in the intermediate zone between the periphery and the center, where most of the weight is borne.5. Decrease in matrix content of degenerated articular cartilage was noted by histochemical studies using safranin-0 and Alcian-blue.6. Autoradiography with S04 was done to quantitate matrix content of articular cartilage, and the mean uptake ratio of the articular cartilage was slightly higher than others in the 30% lengthening group. This esuggest decreased matrix synthesis, but no statistical significance was found. Following conclusion were drawn from above observations. 1. In rabbits, tibial lengthening tended to cause microscopic degenerative changes, and the changes begun to appear when the tibiae were lengthened 10% or more. 2. When lengthened over 20%, the changes became more pronounced in the distal joint than in the proximal joint.
Autoradiography ; Bone Lengthening ; Cartilage, Articular ; Joints ; Leg ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Rabbits ; Tibia

The authors analyzed ultrasonographic findings of 112 cases of trophoblastic disases which were confirmed byD&E or hysterectomy at Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital from September 1980 to December 1984. The results were asfollows; 1. Of all 112 cases, hydatidiform moles were 99 cases, invasive moles were 3 cases and choriocarcinomas were 10 cases. 2. 81 cases (72%) occurred in 3rd decades. 3. The sized of uterus was large for gestational weeksin 65 cases(56%) and smaller in 13 cases(13%). 4. The contour of uterus was globular in 59 cases(53%), diffuse in49 cases(44%) and nodular in 4 cases(3%). 5. The internal echopatterns of uterus revealed numerous small vesicular snowstorm patterns in all cases, and revealed internal degeneration in 67 cases(60%). 6. Uterine walls in 89 cases(79%) were well delineated but uterine walls in 23 cases(21%) were poor delineated. 7. Multiseptated ovarian thecalutein cysts were seen in 36 cases (32%). 8. Invasive trophoblastic disease(invasive moles 3 cases andchoriocarcinomas 10 cases) revealed similiar ultrasonographic findings with H-mole, but more irregular internalechoes and irregular echoes in uterine wall. 9. Diagnostic accuracy was diagnostic in 98 cases (88%) , nonspecificin 11 cases (10%) and error in 3 cases(2%).
Choriocarcinoma ; Female ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive ; Hysterectomy ; Pregnancy ; Protestantism ; Trophoblasts ; Uterus

We conducted a study to compare the effects of Healon(R) and BioLon(R), which are sodium hyaluronates made by different raw materials, on rabbit eyeballs after intracameral and intravitreal injections. In the intracameral-injection group, aqueous humor was replaced with 0.2 ml of Healon(R) or BioLon(R), and in the intravitreal-injection group. 0.4 ml of Healon(R) or BioLon(R) was injected after the removal of the same amount of vitreous. Slitlamp and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination, measurement of IOP, and measurement of corneal thickness were performed preoperatively and at 2hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days postoperatively. Histopathologic examinaion was done at 7 days postoperatively. No group had significant differences in all tests(p>0.05) and the findings were normalized within 7 days. These results indicated that there were no significant differences between the Healon(R) and BioLon(R) groups in the effects on rabbit eyeballs after intracameral and intravitreal injections.
Aqueous Humor ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Sodium

Recently, a hydroxyapatite sphere has been increasingly used as a buried integrated orbital implant for the great improved motility of the prosthesis after enucleation. To allow more rapid ascess of vasculature into the hydroxyapatite implant, Dacron as a new synthetic wrapping material of the implant for anophthalmic sockets had been used and compared histologically with donor sclera in rabbits. At 4 weeks after implantation, fibrovascular ingrowth was found mainly near the scleral windows, where fibrosis extended 2 mm centrally in scleral-wrapped implants. In Contrast, in Dacron-wrapped implants, there was extensive fibrovascular infiltration through Dacron filaments and windows as well, making the hydroxyapatite sphere completely invested with fibrovascular tissue to the center within 4 weeks of implantation. Thus, Dacron as a new wrapping material appears to allow a more rapid vascularization into the hydroxyapatite implant than other collagen material without any serious complications, resulting in early rehabilitation with an artificial eye.
Collagen ; Durapatite* ; Eye, Artificial ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Orbital Implants ; Polyethylene Terephthalates* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Rehabilitation ; Sclera* ; Tissue Donors*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the histopathologic findings after experimental penetrating keratoplasty using Dacron-Gore-Tex(R) combined graft in rabbits and the clinical efficacy of the treatment of corneal perforation using synthetic materials. Type A which used end to end fixation showed better results than that of type B which used intralamellar fixation and, however, complications and instability of graft occured in most eyes of both types. Type C which modified type B and reduced the thickness of intralamellar portion of graft showed relatively good results compared with type A and B, but there was still instability. Leakage from anterior chamber in early postoperative period prior to fiibrovascular invasion into graft was considered as the main cause of instability of graft. Therefore we performed type D which emphasized on preventing leakage, and well-maintained anterior chamber without extrusion of graft, that is, the best result among all 4 types was observed until 6 weeks postoperatively. Although further study is needed, we think that Dacron-Gore-Tex(R) combined graft can be a good substitute for the management of corneal perforation.
Anterior Chamber ; Corneal Perforation* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Postoperative Period ; Rabbits* ; Transplants*

Although there had been many studies for evaluating an usefulness of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(Gore-Tex(R)) as a temporary treatment of corneal perforation and a supporting skirt of keratoprosthesis, complications and instability of graft had limited the clinical applications. To find histopathologic factors that can contribute to the instability of graft and to try to modify the surgical methods with models of graft, serial examinations including biomicroscopy and histopathology were performed. According to the results, we were able to divide the causes of instability into two categories as a function of time. Epithelial down growth into the interface between graft and cornea with absence of epithelial coverage over the graft may cause leakage from anterior chamber in early period. Absence of fibrovascular invasion into Gore-Tex(R) resulting no cohesion between graft and cornea might be a factor of instability in late period. Based on these results, modification of surgical techniique and models of graft are needed. Several methods of modificiation are suggested in this report.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Corneal Perforation* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Rabbits* ; Transplants