PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relations among gratitude, depression, and psychological well-being among clinical nurses. METHODS: The participants were 411 clinical nurses, working in U city. Data were collected during the four months, April to June, 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean scores for gratitude and psychological well-being were above average. The mean score for depression presented a probable depression level. Psychological well-being in clinical nurses was significantly correlated with gratitude (r=.55, p<.001) and depression (r=-.62, p<.001). The significant predictors of psychological well-being for clinical nurses were depression (beta=-.47, p<.001) and gratitude (beta=.34, p<.001), which explained 48.0% of the variance in psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop depression reduction and gratitude enhancement programs to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses.
Depression*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of cognitive distortion, depression, and gambling severity and to identify the influences of cognitive distortion and depression on gambling severity in Koreans with a gambling disorder. METHODS: The participants in this study were 150 Koreans with a gambling disorder. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires which included individual characteristics, the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression, and the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Gambling severity had a significant correlation with gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling (r=.29, p<.001) and depression (r=.34, p<.001). Among predictors, depression (β=.24, p=.035) and type of housing tenure (β=.26, p=.022) had statistically significant influence on gambling severity. The explanatory power of this regression model was 17.0% (F=3.72, p=.003). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that interventions to decrease depression are essential to decrease the gambling severity of Koreans with gambling disorder.
Cognition ; Depression* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gambling* ; Housing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect subjective well-being in nursing students. METHODS: A total of 236 nursing students participated in the study. Data was collected from November through December 2013 using a self-reporting questionnaire that surveyed the level of gratitude, interpersonal relationship ability, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: Subjective happiness positively correlated with gratitude (r=.41, p<.001) and interpersonal relationship ability (r=.55, p<.001). Life satisfaction positively correlated with gratitude (r=.53, p<.001) and interpersonal relationship ability (r=.37, p<.001). Significant predictors of subjective happiness included gratitude (beta=.38, p<.001), interpersonal relationship ability (beta=.28, p<.001) and major satisfaction (beta=.17, p=.002). The regression model explained 39.3% of subjective happiness. Significant predictors of life satisfaction included gratitude (beta=.42, p<.001), academic achievement (beta=.15, p=.006), interpersonal relationship ability (beta=.16, p=.008) and major satisfaction (beta=.12, p=.035). The regression model explained 35.3% of life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: To improve subjective well-being among nursing students, nurse educators should develop educational intervention programs to promote gratitude and interpersonal relationships.
Happiness ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: We compared the clinical features of the ankle fractures treated by operation between the elderly and the young, and reviewed the principles of treatment of the ankle fractures in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 49 cases of the ankle fractures, which were treated by open reduction from August 1991 to July 2002. Patients aged more than 60 were designated as the elderly, and patients aged between 15 and 33 were designated as the young. The average follow-up period was 13.2 months. Using the Lauge-Hansen classification, We defined stage I or II fractures as low stage and stage III or IV fractures as high stage fractures. RESULTS: There were 15 cases of high stage fractures (78.9%) in the elderly and 11 cases (36.7%) in the young. High stage fracture rate was significantly higher in the elderly (P=0.004). Hospital day, period between primary injury and operation, and union time were significantly longer in the elderly (P<0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in immobilization time between the two groups. The results of treatment were satisfactory clinically and radiologically by the Meyer's criteria in both groups. CONCLUSION: In the elderly, high stage fractures were more common and longer hospitalization and union time were needed than the young. However, the result of surgical treatment was satisfactory.
Aged* ; Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle* ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immobilization

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the differences in exudate and bleeding incidence and the changes in back pain and discomfort based on the weight of a sand bag applied to the femoral puncture site after hepatic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study comprised 82 patients randomly divided into three different groups. Experimental group 1 patients had a 600g sandbag, experimental group 2 patients an 800g sandbag, and control group patients a 1900g sandbag, on femoral access sites post procedure. The three groups of patients were assessed on level of exudate and bleeding and asked about back pain and discomfort at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the procedure.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in exudate and bleeding between the three groups before and after application of the sandbag post procedure. Both back pain and discomfort were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group.CONCLUSION: There was no significant effect on bleeding and exudation due to the weight of the sandbag. The lowest level of back pain and discomfort was found in the group with the lightest weight (600 g). Therefore, the use of lighter-weight sandbags to prevent post procedure vascular complications is proposed.
Back Pain ; Exudates and Transudates ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Punctures

Lumbar intervertebal disc herniation is common in the fourth to fifth decades because the intervertebral disc undergoes degenerative change. However juvenile lumbar intervertebal disc herniation (under 12 years old) is rare because there is no degenerative change, and the clinical symptoms and treatments are different from those of adults. Herein, our experience of five juvenile lumbar intervertebal disc herniation cases are analyzed and reported.
Adult ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc*