Since B.C., vertigo had been described as a condition closely related to migraines or epilepsy. This perception remained during the 14th-16th century and vertigo was considered to be a symptom of brain disease. Until the 18th century, the perception remained that the vestibular organ would be in charge of hearing. However, during the 19th century, it was understood that the sense of equilibrium and vertigo might have been related to vestibular organs. Barany first mentioned positional vertigo and otolithic disease in 1921, and Dix and Hallpike defined their clinical characteristics in 1952. After studies from numerous otologists and neurologists, including Schuknecht and Epley, which identified benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has emerged as one of today’s most common diseases. The development of various test methods enabled more detailed diagnosis of BPPV. The treatment performance also improved significantly as various canalith repositioning procedures were introduced.

No abstract available.
Mucinoses

No abstract available.
Lip ; Neurofibroma

A 21-year-old male suffered from generalized anhidrosis and heat intolerance for about 15 years. Other clinical features included multiple angiokeratoma on the back, scrotum and extremities, together with ocular involvement. The electronmicroscopic studies of the skin demonstrated laminated intracytoplamic inclusions in the endothelial cells, pericytes of dermal vessels, fibroblasts and eccrine glandular cells. a Galactosidase assay of leukocytes from the patient and his uncle showed nearly absence of the activity,
Angiokeratoma ; Endothelial Cells ; Extremities ; Fibroblasts ; Galactosidases ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis* ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Pericytes ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Young Adult

Solitary morphea profunda is a rare form of scleroderma, characterized clinically by a solitary sclerotic plaque, and histologically by marked dermal and subcutaneous fibrosis with an inflammatory infiltrate. We describe another case of this entity presented with an ulcerative, indurated plaque on the left iliac crest, which histologically revealed a focal incidental acantholysis in the overlying epidermis and a marked eosinophilic infiltration through the dermis to the sub-cutaneous tissue.
Acantholysis* ; Dermis ; Eosinophils ; Epidermis ; Fibrosis ; Scleroderma, Localized* ; Ulcer

No abstract available.

A tender, non-healing ulcer of 3 months' duration developed on the tongue tip of a 51-year-old male with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Acid-fast bacilli were grown in the tissue and sputum cultures. The patient was anergic to PPD skin test before the treatment and IL-2 productivity was significantly decreased. Sections from the tongue tip showed ulceration, infiltration of neutrophils and tuberculoid granulornas accompanying caseation necroses in the dermis. The ulcer healed after administration of anti-tuberculosis medication for 2 months.
Dermis ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Skin Tests ; Sputum ; Tongue* ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ulcer

To investigate MR artifacts induced by metallic implants, scans were obtained using both the ferromagnetic Drake lip and the non ferromagnetic Yasargil clip. Scan were taken through the area of clips using geometrical phantom. The MRI was performed by spin echo technique and gradient echo technique on both 2.0T and 0.5T MR unit. The luthors evaluated the nature and differences of artifacts in each sequence and parameter. Artifacts induced by both lips were noted in the direction of frequency encoding gradient, and consisted of region of signal loss abutted in one side by survilinear region of bright signal. Geometric distortion of image was marked in the Drake clip, out was minimal in the Yasargil clip under both 2.0T and 0.5T. Artifacts were more pronounced in the gradient echo technique than those of the spin echo technique on both 2.0T and 0.5T. Although there were no differences n the nature of artifacts induced by the Drake clip among each parameter in the spin echo technique under 2.0T, artifacts were slightly more pronounced on T2 weighted image under the 0.5T field, but no differences were found in the nature of artifacts induced by the Yasargil clip in the spin echo technique under, both the 2.0T and 0.5T fields. Marked artifacts were induced through the small area of the Drake clip which were included in the scan plane, but induced artifacts were small when a small area of the Yasargil clip was included in the scan plane. It seemed likely hat artifacts were slightly more pronounced in the 2.0T than the 0.5T field in both clips, but objective evaluation of the difference was difficult, In conclusion, these results can be an essential basis for the interpretation of MR images or patents with metallic inplants.
Aneurysm* ; Artifacts* ; Lip ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Magnets

The present study was carried out to find a simple and safe in. vitro test for phtotoxic drugs. Authors selected two strains of Salmonella typhimurium(TA98 and TA102) which have been used in Ames test for the detsction of mutagenecity af various chemical substances. Both strains are genuine products of genetic enzineering. The etrain TA98 should be highly vulnerable to ultraviolet radition because it lacks normal I)NA excision repair gene. The strain TA102 was chosen as control since it maintained the DNA repair gene. These strains were subjected to increasing dosea of UVA with or without pretreatment of 8 methoxypsoralsn(8-MOP) which is a prototype of photatoxic druge. The authors made use of a perforated stain-less steel template which provided a simple and eosy monitoring of ultraviolet irradiation effects i.e. clear zones due to inhibition of the atrains could be determined. By using this methad, the authors acquired the following results .' I. 8-MOP alone exerted no inhibition on both strains at concentration upto 100mg /ml. 2. UVA irradiation alone showed no growth inhibition at dose upto 5J/cm. 3. UVA irradiation after pretreatment with 8 MOP resulted varying growth inhibition in proportion to irradiation doses. 4. Authors found a suitable concentration of 8-MOP for this test is 10pg/ml. With this ccncentrstion, minimal phatatoxic dose of UVA were O.l J/cm for the strain TA98 and 1.0J/cm for the strain TA102 respectively.
Dermatitis, Phototoxic ; DNA Repair ; Methoxsalen ; Salmonella ; Steel

Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein normally expressed in mesenchymal cells, but the evidence of the aberrant expression of vimentin in epithelial cancer cells suggests that the vimentin expression might be related to local invasiveness and metastatic potential. There have been a few previous studies on the vimentin expression in human cervical carcinogenesis using in vivo and in vitro models. We examined the immunohistochemical vimentin expression in various squamous epithelial neoplasms of the uterine cervix, including the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia group (n=25), the microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma group (n=15), the invasive squamous cell carcinoma group (n=15) and the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma group (n=8). Vimentin positivity was significantly higher in the invasive than in the intraepithelial group, and in the cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis, suggesting a relationship between the vimentin expression and progression of the uterine cervical epithelial tumors.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Intermediate Filaments ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial* ; Vimentin*