A comparative study was made on the chewing movements of normal occlusion and skeletal class III malocciusion. Thirty normal occlusion sybjects and twenty skeletal class III malocciusion patients were given chewing gums for the study ; using BioPAK system, the chewing movement on the frontal plane was recorded and analyzed. With a typical chewing path chosen representing each subject, chewing width, poening distance, poening and closing angles, maximum opening and closing velocities were observed. Seven characteristic patterns were classfied based on the types of chewing paths. The followings are the results : 1. Compared with the normal occlusion group, the skeletal class III malocclusion group showed more varied and vertical chewing patterns. 2. In comparision of chewing widths, skeletal class III malocclusion group showed marrower path than the mormal occlusion group(P<0.01). 3. In opening distance, skeletal class III malocclusion groupappeared shorter than the normal occlusion group without statistical significance(P>0.05). 4. In opening and closing angles, skeletal class III malocclusion group showed more acute angles than the normal occlusion group(P<0.01). 5. In maximum opening and closing velocities, skeletal class III malocclusion group was slower than the normal occlusion group but with no statistical significance(P>0.05). 6. In the classification of chewing movement pattern, Type IV(chopping type)of skeletal class III malocclusion group showed a higher rate with 25.0% over 3.3% of normal occlusion group.
Bone Marrow ; Chewing Gum ; Classification ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mastication*

PURPOSE: We conducted a phase II study of vinorelbine and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evaluate response rate, response duration, and toxicities of this regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1998 to March 2000, twenty seven patients with advanced or recurrent non- small cell lung cancer (stage IIIB and IV) who had no prior systemic chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with vinorelbine and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy (vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 & 8, and ifosfamide 2 g/m2 i.v. days 1~3 with Mesna 1600 mg/m2). Each cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: All twenty seven patients were eligible and assessable. Age ranged from 41 to 72 (median 57 years). 14 patients were male and 13 were female. Overall response rate was 33.3%. One complete response (3.7%) and 8 partial responses (29.6%) were observed. Stable disease was 15 (55.6%) and progressive disease was 3 (11.1%). Overall median survival duration was 7.8 months. The median progression-free and response durations were 6.6 months and 3.5 months respectively. World Health Organization grade 3 to 4 neutropenia occurred in 6.5%. Nonhematologic toxicities including nausea/vomiting, nephropathy and hepatopathy were generally grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSION: The combination chemotherapy with vinorelbine and ifosfamide in the patients with advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer can be considered as an effective and safe treatment.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Female ; Humans ; Ifosfamide* ; Male ; Mesna ; Neutropenia ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; World Health Organization

The content of meconium in amniotic fluid(AF) is important for assessing the risk of several perinatal problems such as asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome and various perinatal infections. This estimate is usually performed subjectively by visual inspection. The purpose of this study is to develop the objective method for quantitative measurement of meconium content in AF. Absorption spectra and meconium-crit of the solutions with various concentrations of meconium were measured. EfFects of filtration and blood contamination on the measurement of meconium content were also estimated by the same methods. Optical densities(OD) were correlated with concentrations of meconium in the whole range of scanned wavelengths. A specific peak of meconium was not available but the highest OD around 410 nm was shown. OD were linearly related to the concentrations of meconium. Meconium-crits were also well-correlated with the concentrations of meconium. Filtration of AF as well as blood contamination in AF severely affected the measurement of meconium content in AF. From the results of this study, both the spectrophotometric method and meconium-crit couid be objective methods for measuring meconium content. Both methods had merits and shortcomings. Filtration and blood contamination should be avoided for the measurement of meconium content in AF. We hope that both or either one of the two methods will be clinically used.
Absorption ; Amniotic Fluid* ; Asphyxia ; Female ; Filtration ; Hope ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Meconium*

BACKGROUND: Intravenous fentanyl has been used for acute postoperative pain management, but has not always provided reliable adequate analgesia, including patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of time-scheduled decremental infusion of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients, aged 20-65 years, undergoing laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) were randomly assigned into one of the three groups. Their background infusions of fentanyl diluent (2 ml/hr of diluent was equivalent with 0.5 microg/kg/hr of fentanyl) with PCA were maintained at the fixed-rate of 2 ml/hr until the postoperative 24 hr (FX2-2-2), or at the decremental rates of 6.0, 4.0, 2.0 ml/hr (D6-4-2) and 8.0, 4.0, 2.0 ml/hr (D8-4-2). The visual analogue score (VAS), incidence of inadequate analgesia, frequency of PCA intervention, and side effects were evaluated. RESULTS: VAS was significantly higher in FX2-2-2 than in D6-4-2 and D8-4-2 until postoperative 3 hr (P < 0.05). After postoperative 4 hr, VAS was significantly higher in FX2-2-2 than D8-4-2 (P < 0.05). The incidence of inadequate analgesia of FX2-2-2 was significantly greater than D6-4-2 (P = 0.038) and D8-4-2 (P < 0.001) until postoperative 1 hr. None of the patients had ventilatory depression, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were not significant among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The time-scheduled decremental background infusion regimens of fentanyl, based on the pharmacokinetic model, could provide more effective postoperative pain management after TIVA, and the side effects and the risk for morbidity were not different from the fixed-rate infusion regimen.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Respiratory Insufficiency

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Stents*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hemangioma* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Amebiasis* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Liver*

No abstract available.
Hyperaldosteronism* ; Nephrocalcinosis*

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous malignant melanoma represents a tumor arising within the melanocytic systems of the skin. Once considered an uncommon cancer, melanoma is now rising in incidence at a rate faster than any other cancer. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinico-pathological characteristics of malignant melanoma. METHODS: A total of 61 patients with malignant melanoma were enrolled in this retrospective study. We classified malignant melanoma as follows; ALMM, acral lentigious malignant melanoma, NMM, nodular malignant melanoma, SSMM, superficial spreading malignant melanoma, MM, mucosal melanoma, LMM, lentigo maligna melanoma. We used the staging system of American Joint Committee on Cancer to evaluate the clinical status in our subjects. The hospital charts and histopathological slides of patients with malignant melanoma diagnosed at Asan Medical Center from 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study was performed for S-100 and HMB-45 in 10 cases and for Ki-67 in 5 cases. RESULTS: 1. The male to female ratio was 1.3. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.6 years. ALMM was the most common type(52.5%) in this study. ALMM and NMM developed in elderly persons, while SSMM developed in younger persons. Malignant melanomas arising from pre-existing mole were 10 cases(16.4%). 2. In forty two cases(68.9%), malignant lesions were limited to skin, but 19 cases(31.1%) were disseminated to lymph nodes, skin or internal organ at the initial examination. Sole and heel were the favored sites in ALMM. Lower extremities and back were the favored sites in NMM and SSMM. Four patients were initially presented with metastatic symptoms such as dyspnea, abdominal mass, headache, or axillary mass, and cutaneous malignant melanoma eventually were diagnosed as their origin. 3. Histopathologically, 6 cases were categorized into amelanotic type and 1 case was into desmoplastic type. 4. More than a half cases developed metastases to other organs. Common metastatic sites were lymph nodes, lung, brain, skin, liver, bone, and bladder in decreasing order of frequency. 5. The five-year survival rate was 100% in stage IA, IB, and IIA but 0% in stage IV. Face, chest and lower extremities showed worse prognosis. Men had worse prognosis than women. NMM revealed the lowest 5-year survival rate(30%). CONCLUSION: Among the prognostic factors such as locations, clinical types, ages, and gender, the stages at the initial presentation was the most important predictable value in our study. Therefore, the early recognition of malignant melanoma is the key to possible cure.
Aged ; Brain ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Headache ; Heel ; Humans ; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle ; Incidence ; Joints ; Liver ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Thorax ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Hematoma*