No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

1. Author has reviewed 41 cases of bladder tumor treated at Urological Department of Seoul National University during the period of 3 years and 9 months from August 1954 to May 1958. The clinical studies on above cases revealed following findings. 2. There were no specific relationships between family histories, past histories and occupations of patients and bladder tumor. 3. Among the series, 3 were recurrent, another 3 cases were metastatic while the rest of cases (35) were primary tumors. 4. 21 cases were treated as the in-patients, 11 cases out of 21 cases were treated by surgical procedures and 10 cases were found to be contraindicated for the surgical procedure because of the advancement of the malignancy. 5. There were 31 males and 9 females, the ratio being 4:1. 6. The youngest age was 26 and oldest age was 76. 80.5% of series ranged from 40 years of age to 69 years. 7. The 87.8% of chief complaints were hematuria, 78.0% were painful urination,37.1% were frequency. 8. The predominant initial symptom was hematuria among 78.0% of cases. 9. Since the time lapsed from the initial onset to first hospital visit was 6 months to 2 years in 48.7% of series. It showed marked difference from the fact that 43% of series reported by Drinker in the America visited hospital within 3 months from the initial onset. 10. According to cystoscopic findings, there were 19 cases of non-infiltrating type and 19 cases of infiltrating type while 3 metastatic type, 2 solitary and 20 multiple cases were present 11. As to the localization of tumor, 46.3% of series were on lateral wall of the bladder. 12. Out of 11 cases treated surgically 3 cases were treated by total cystectomy combined with ureterosigmoidostomy, 4 cases were electro-coagulation and 4 cases were partial resection of the bladder. 13. It seems to be feasible that estrogen could be administrated per os as a conservative procedure for an inoperable case and also estrogen could be combined as a pre-and post-operative medication for a surgical case.
Americas ; Cystectomy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Occupations ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

We studied to assess the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation and theincreased nucleated red blood cell counts (NRBC) in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriatefor gestational age (AGA) neonates with low birth weight. We also evaluated the nucleated red blood cell counts in low birth weight neonates who had either perinatal asphyzia or hyaline membrane disease (HMD) or died within 7 days after birth. The results were as follows: 1) In low birth weight neonates, the mean value for NRBC counts was 9.02/100 WBCs and the mean absolute value for NRBC counts was 0.9210E9/L. 2) The mean values for NRBC counts were 13.4/100 WBCs in SGA and 6.4/100WBCs in AGA. The mean absolute values for NRBC were 1.32x10E9/L in AGA neonates 3) In SGA neonates with low birth weight, the mean NRBC counts wers 19.6/100WBCs in asphyxiated group and 4.5/100WBCs in control group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 1.9810E9/L in control group. 4) In AGA neonates with low birth weight, the mean NRBC countswere 9.1/100WBCs in asphyxiated group and 2.4/100WBCs in control group. The meanabsolute NRBC counts were 0.98x10E9/L in asphyxiated group and o.23x10E9/L in controlroup. 5) The mean NRBC counts were 13.8/100WBCs in neonates with HMD and 7.1/100WBCs in control group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 1.50x10E9/L in neonates withHMD and 0.70x10E9/L in control group. 6) The mean NRBC counts were 19.9/100 WBCs in expired group and 6.8/100WBCs in suvived group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 2.1810E9/L in expired group and 0.66x10E9/L in survived group. 7) The NRBC counts of SGA neonates were significantly higher than that of AGA neonates with low birth weight. 8) The NRBC counts of asphyxiated neonates were significantly higher than that of the control group. 9) The NABC counts of expired neonates were significantly higher than that of the control group. 10) The NRBC counts of expired neonates were significantly higher than that of the survived neonates.
Birth Weight* ; Erythrocyte Count* ; Erythrocytes* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parturition*

Author performed clinical studies at random on 19 patients with renal tuberculosis who were admitted for the period of April 1958 through February 1959 to Department of Urology at Seoul National University Hospital as to tuberculosis bacterial cultures and their resistance tests using pre- and postnephrectomy urine and diseased tissue itself. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. All except one case had received antituberculosis medication for not more than 6 months. 2. To all cases beginning at the time of admission preoperation medications consisting of SM 1.0 gm, PAS 12gm, and INH 300mg, and these regimen were given throughout study. 3. The culture positivity rates were 79% in prenephrectomy bladder urine. 90% in caseous material from diseased renal cavity and 44% in postnephrectomy bladder urine. The lower were the culture positivity rate in prenephrectomy bladder urine, the longer the preceding period of antituberculosis drugs given. Culture positivity rate of caseous material from diseased renal cavity, however, was persistently high irrespective of the length of the antituberculosis medication and the culture positivity rate of postnephrectomy bladder urine appeared to be dependent more on the presence or absence of the remaining renal tuberculosis rather than on the period of antituberculosis medication. 5. From the repeated culture of prenephrectomy bladder urine over short period of time, in the same individual results were rather inconstant and this seemed to be independent upon the use of antituberculosis drugs. 6. Cultural studies on urine and diseased renal tissue yielded the same results whether it was checked on the day of specimen collection or after less than 7 day's refrigerated storage. 7. While doing cultural studies from prenephrectomy bladder urine on patients who received antituberculosis drugs one case was found to need more than two months to grow and this trend seemed to be more so in cases of cultures from diseased renal tissues. 8. Resistance was shown as to SM in 9 cases out of 10 cases on whom prenephrectomy bladder urines were checked, in 5 out of 6 cases on whom tuberculosis culturers were done from diseased renal caseous tissues and in 2 cases out of each group possessed resistance to PAS as well. 9. Resistance to SM was to be easily acquired and afterward the degree of resistance seemed to increase rapidly from the use of SM of short duration. 10. Cases with positive microscopic finding and negative cultures were seen only in prenephrectomy bladder urine and this fact was thought not to be specifically related to the antituberculosis treatment. 11. Cases with negative microscopic finding and positive cultures were seen in patient who received only long antituberculosis treatment and these were characterized by small number of colonies. 12. The appearance of resistant strain was found not to be specifically related with the status of microscopical finding on prenephrectomy bladder urine nor with cultural studies on the same specimen.
Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Seoul ; Specimen Handling ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Comparative studies were performed between discovery of tubercle bacilli from prenephrectomy bladder urine and other clinical tests as performed on all 19 patients with renal tuberculosis who had been admitted to the Department of Urology at Seoul National University Hospital for the period of April 1958 hrough February 1959. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. Modes of antituberculosis medications prior to admission on these patients were as follow: SM only, 4 cases; combined use of SM and PAS, a cases; SM, PAS and INHcombined, 1 cases; unknown, 4 cases, and not used in 3 cases. 2. Durations of antituberculosis medications were as follow: Less one month, 4 cases, less than 6 months, 7 cases; over 6 months, 1 case; unknown, 4 cases, and not used in 3 cases. 3. Positivity rate for microscopic examination was 79% on prenephrectomy bladder urine and when two cases who also developed prostatic tuberculosis were excluded the positivity rate was 76% 4. Discovery of tubercle bacilli was not easy even on urine specimen which showed much protein and many white blood cells. 5. Cases which did not reveal tubercle bacilli on microscopic examination from caseous material of tuberculous renal cavity again showed microscopical negativity from prenephrectomy bladder urine. 6. The presence of the severe lesion of bladder wall was not related with ease with which tubercle bacilli being found from prenephrectomy bladder uriue. 7. Adverse effect was to be foundfrom antituberculosis medication as to the tubercle bacilli on prenephrectomy urine. Cases who had used antituberculosis drugs for less than one month showed high positivity rate equal to the cases who never did. 8. It was deemed unnecessary to stop using antituberculosis medication of less than two months' duration in order to discover tubercle bacilli on prenephrectomy bladder urine. 9.Inability to discover tubercle bacilli on prenephrectomy bladder urine was not wholly due to the previous use of antituberculosis drugs and to raise the positivity rate repeated examination would be indicated.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Seoul ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

No abstract available.
Amniotic Band Syndrome* ; Infant, Newborn

Twenty-six renal allograft biopsies which showed acute rejection and had renal capsule and medulla in the same specimen were selected in order to compare the severity of acute rejection between superficial cortex, deep cortex and medulla. Disregarding the mid cortical region, the superficial cortex was considered as being one-third of the distance from the renal capsule to the medulla and the deep cortex as being that one-third of the cortex which was adjacent to the medulla. Using semiquantitative histologic analysis the following parameters were compared in superficial cortex, deep cortex, and medulla: interstitial inflammation, edema, tubulitis, and acute tubulointerstitial rejection grade. Also, the presence of lymphocyte activation and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. Significantly greater histologic changes of acute rejection were found in the deep cortex vs. superficial cortex for the following parameters: interstitial inflammation(P=0.013), edema (P= 0.023) and tubulointerstitial rejection grade(P=0.016). These findings support the view that biopsies in which deep cortex is not included may result in underestimation of the severity of renal allograft rejection.
Allografts* ; Biopsy* ; Edema ; Graft Rejection ; Inflammation ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Neutrophils

The cystic disease of the kidney include a heterogeneous group of developmental, hereditary, and acquired disorders. Based on extensive microdissection studies, Potter concluded all renal cystic diseases could be categorized into four types. We have experienced 5 cases of cystic kidney disease which were confirmed by aoutopsy and classified as Type I, Type II, Type III, Boderline between types II and III and Type IV according to Potter's classification. We report these cases with a review of literatures.
Classification* ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic* ; Microdissection