No abstract available.
Silver*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Bartter Syndrome* ; Gitelman Syndrome* ; Metabolism*

Urinary incontinence is the most common urinary symptom in children and causes considerable anxiety in children and parents. In most cases, there is no underlying organic pathology and the long- term prognosis is excellent. Despite these reassuring facts, children with wetting problems can be a challenge for primary pediatrician. This is probably because the problem is poorly understood, there is no readily identifiable medical pathology, and because treatment is usually time consuming and arduous. There is a great demand for treatment because wetting is an unpleasant symptom that can cause a stress and anxiety in the family. There may also be other coexisting problems such as urinary tract infection, constipation, soiling, and behavioral or emotional difficulties. Despite the frequency and vexing nature of voiding dysfunction, physicians may not always obtain a careful history to identify and to treat children properly with this condition. This article addresses the comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to such children.
Ambulatory Care Facilities* ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Constipation ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Parents ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Soil ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study are to measure the serum levels of fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A and D) from bile duct ligated rats, and to evaluate the effect of oral bile acids administration to facilitate absorption of fat soluble vitamins. METHOD: We measured serum ALT, total bilirubin, vitamin A, and vitamin D of Sprague-Dawley rats 1 week before and 4 weeks after experimental bile duct ligation. Rats were consisted with 3 groups. Group 2 had been find bile acids and group 3 ursodeoxycholic acid after operation for 4 weeks. Multi-vitamin was given to all groups. RESULTS: 1) Base line (mean value before duct ligation): ALT 74.2 IU, total bilirubin 0.26 mg/dL; vitamin D 13.01 ng/mL vitamin A 0.87 microgram/mL, total bile acids 25.16 micron mol/L. 2) Four weeks after ligation: ALT 100.7 IU, total bilirubin 2.58 mg/dL; vitamin D 7.89 ng/mL vitamin A 1.37 microgram/mL, total bile acids 278.22 micron mol/L. 3) 4 weeks after ligation, each group (group 1, group 2 and group 3) showed vitamin D (7.62, 8.10 and 7.99) ng/mL, vitamin A (1.68, 1.06 and 1.33) microgram/mL, total bile acids (233.17, 345.80 and 268.57) micron mol/L, which were statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: Serum level of vitamin A is increased after bile duct ligation although vitamin D is decreased. Oral administration of bile acids does not affect the serum levels of vitamin A and D in bile duct ligated rats.
Absorption ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Bilirubin ; Cholestasis ; Ligation ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Infection Control* ; National Health Programs*

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is one of the most recognized diseases in pediatric nephrology. Typical clinical features include rapid onset of gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension, and cases are typically preceded by an episode of group A β-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis or pyoderma. The most common presenting symptoms of PSGN are the classic triad of glomerulonephritis: gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension . However, patients with PSGN sometimes present with unusual or atypical clinical symptoms that often lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of the disease and increased morbidity. Additionally, the epidemiology of postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN), including PSGN, has changed over the past few decades. This paper reviews atypical clinical manifestations of PSGN and discusses the changing demographics of PIGN with a focus on PSGN.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Demography ; Diagnostic Errors ; Edema ; Epidemiology ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nephrology ; Pharyngitis ; Pyoderma ; Streptococcus