Endoscopic resection has become accepted as a standard treatment in selected patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) with negligible risk of lymph node metastasis. Endoscopic resection preserves the stomach and therefore improves quality of life compared with surgery. And it allows accurate histological staging of the tumor, which is critical in deciding whether additional treatment is necessary. The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) method has been widely used with higher en bloc resection and complete resection rates than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with acceptable complication rates. Long-term clinical outcomes of these techniques are promising in terms of disease-free and overall survival. Recently, the expanded indication of endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer has been proposed because of technical advances of ESD. Long-term outcome data of the expanded indication are needed for the clinical application of the expanded criteria of ESD.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Quality of Life ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

Many reports have been published that provide epidemiological evidence supporting the efficacy of aspirin and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cancer prevention. The presumed mechanism of chemoprevention is inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Aspirin exhibits an anticancerous effect through several inter-related mechanisms: prostaglandin synthesis and catabolism in epithelial cells, inhibition of Wnt-β-catenin signaling, inactivation of platelets, and the host immune response. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that aspirin and NSAIDs exhibit chemopreventive effects in stomach cancer. However, well-designed clinical studies to answer critical clinical questions such as additional benefits of aspirin or NSAIDs after eradication of Helicobacter pylori, and the net benefit despite the adverse effects of long-term intake of aspirin or NSAIDs, are needed.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin* ; Chemoprevention* ; Epithelial Cells ; Helicobacter pylori ; Metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Since 1998, when regimens for H. pylori eradication were first recommended in Korea, the triple therapy of proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin has been recommended as a primary regimen. Recently updated Korean guideline also recommends standard triple therapy as first-line regimen. Several studies have suggested that the effectiveness of the standard triple therapy based on clarithromycin has decreased over time. A recent meta-analysis of first-line triple therapy in Korea showed that the eradication rate decreased significantly from 1998 to 2013 (P<0.001 for both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. The overall eradication rate were 74.6% (95% CI, 72.1~77.2%) by intention-to-treat analysis and 82.0% (95% CI, 80.8~83.2%) by per-protocol analysis. Alternative regimens (non-bismuth quadruple therapy; sequential or concomitant therapy, bismuth quadruple therapy, or levofloxacin containing quadruple therapy) can be considered as first-line therapy for H. pylori infection in Korea. Nation-wide surveillance data on the resistance pattern is needed to recommend an effective first-line regimen in Korea.
Amoxicillin ; Bismuth ; Clarithromycin ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Korea* ; Levofloxacin ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Peptic Ulcer ; Proton Pumps ; Stomach Diseases

No abstract available.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Endosonography* ; Neurilemmoma*

No abstract available.
Blister* ; Nevus* ; Rubber*

No abstract available.
Blister* ; Nevus* ; Rubber*

BACKGROUND: There has been a growing realization that a variety of anticancer drugs can induce apoptotic cell death. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the responsiveness of gastric cancer cells to various anticancer drugs and to identify which apoptosis-related proteins could be correlated to chemosensitivity. METHODS: Nine human Korean gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-1, -5, -16, -484, -601, -620, -638, -668, and -719) were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of each cell line to camptothecin, cisplatin, mitomycin C, vincristine, 5-FU, epirubicin, and doxorubicin was determined by using a MTT (dimethylthiazole- diphenyltetrazolium-bromide) assay. Apoptosis-related proteins (p53, p21, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax) were detected using a Western blot assay. RESULTS: Of the nine gastric cancer cell lines, SNU-1 was resistant while SNU-5 was sensitive to anticancer drugs. Mutated p53 was detected in all the cell lines. The highest expression of Bcl-2 was observed in SNU-1 while less or no expression of Bcl-2 was observed in SNU-5, -484, and -601. Bcl-xL was less expressed in SNU-5 than in the other cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Chemosensitivity in gastric cancer cell lines was correlated mainly with the level of Bcl-2 and partly with that of Bcl-xL. There was no correlation between the chemosensitivity and other apoptosis-related proteins, such as p21, p53, Bax, and Bcl-xS in the studied gastric cancer cell lines.
Blotting, Western ; Camptothecin ; Cell Death ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Epirubicin ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Mitomycin ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Vincristine

The stomach is the most common primary site of an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, which is characterized by an indolent clinical course. A diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma requires an endoscopic biopsy that should be confirmed by an experienced pathologist. Gastric MALT lymphoma shows a variable endoscopic appearance, including erosion, erythema, discoloration, atrophy, ulcer, and subepithelial lesion. The distribution is often multifocal. Therefore, clinical suspicion and multiple biopsies are essential for an accurate diagnosis. Gastric MALT lymphoma is almost invariably associated with a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori eradication therapy is the mainstay of treatment, which must be delivered to all patients regardless of the H. pylori infection status or stage. For patients who have failed to achieve remission following eradication therapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be considered. Radiotherapy is an effective treatment modality for a localized stage and shows excellent outcomes. In the presence of disseminated or advanced disease, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, can be applied. Treatment should be individualized according to the stage and symptoms, as well as the patients' preference. Given that the clinical course of gastric MALT lymphoma is usually indolent, watchful waiting may be an adequate strategy in selected cases where scheduled follow-up is guaranteed.
Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Erythema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Radiotherapy ; Rituximab ; Stomach ; Ulcer ; Watchful Waiting

No abstract available.
Esophagitis ; Potassium Permanganate ; Potassium